引用本文: 左李娜，陈静，张慧，刘耘华，盛建东，张凯，程军回. 新疆温性草原土壤pH特征及影响因素. 草业科学, 2022, 39(0): 1-13 doi: shu

Citation: ZUO L N, CHEN J, ZHANG H, LIU Y H, SHENG J D, ZHANG K, CHENG J H. Patterns and drivers of soil pH on the Xinjiang temperate steppe. Pratacultural Science, 2022, 39(0): 1-13 doi: shu

新疆温性草原土壤pH特征及影响因素

1.
新疆农业大学资源与环境学院, 新疆乌鲁木齐 830052
2.
新疆土壤与植物生态过程重点实验室, 新疆乌鲁木齐 830052

作者简介: 左李娜(1994-)，女，山西临汾人，在读硕士生，主要研究方向为土壤学。E-mail: 1017572048@qq.com

通讯作者: 程军回(1984-)，男，甘肃庄浪人，博士，副教授，主要研究方向为植物生态学。E-mail: cjhgraymice@126.com

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目-新疆联合基金重点项目(U1603235)；国家自然科学基金-地区基金(31660127)

摘要: 土壤pH是影响草地生态系统植物生长和土壤养分有效性的主要因素之一，现有研究发现其受到海拔、气候和土壤理化性质的影响。之前研究多集中在这些因子对表层土壤pH变化的影响，而不同土层pH对这些因子的响应是否一致仍缺乏探讨。基于此，本研究以新疆温性草原为研究对象，于2011－2013年对86个样地的不同土层(0－5、5－10、10－20、20－30、30－50、50－70和70－100 cm)土壤pH和相关理化性质(土壤有机质、土壤全氮含量、容重和土石比)进行测定，并重点分析了地表微环境(凋落物、立枯、覆沙、砾石、风蚀和水蚀程度)对不同土层pH的影响，以及海拔、气候(年平均温度和年平均降水量)和相关理化性质与土壤pH之间的关系。研究发现：1)随土层增加，土壤pH呈逐渐增大的变化特征，而土壤有机质和全氮含量则呈降低的趋势。2)凋落物、砾石和风蚀对各土层pH均无显著影响(P > 0.05)，立枯显著降低了0－50 cm各土层中pH (P < 0.05)，水蚀仅增加了0－20 cm各土层pH，覆沙则降低了70－100 cm土层中pH。3)各土层pH与海拔以及0－10 cm土层pH与年平均温度之间呈显著正相关关系(P < 0.05)，年平均降水量与0－30 cm土层pH呈现显著负相关关系(P < 0.05)。各土层pH与土壤有机质和全氮含量之间多表现为显著负相关关系(P < 0.05)，而与容重和土石比仅在个别土层有内在联系。主成分分析进一步表明，土壤有机质、全氮含量、土石比和年平均温度对pH的影响强度高于其他因素。结果表明，新疆温性草原土壤pH的变化均受到地表微环境、海拔、气候和土壤理化性质的影响，但影响强度在不同因子和不同土层间存在差异。

关键词:

English

Patterns and drivers of soil pH on the Xinjiang temperate steppe

1.
College of Resources and Environment, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, Xinjiang, China
2.
Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Soil and Plant Ecological Processes, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, Xinjiang, China

Corresponding author: CHENG Junhui　E-mail: cjhgraymice@126.com

Accepted Date: 2022-02-22
Available Online: 2022-05-05

Abstract: Soil pH is one of the most important factors in regulating plant growth and soil nutrient availability in grasslands. A large number of studies have revealed that soil pH is determined by elevation, climate, and soil physicochemical properties. However, previous studies have focused on the effects of these variables on surface soil pH, while our knowledge about their effects on pH among different soil layers is still limited. To address this knowledge gap, we collected soil pH and related soil physicochemical properties [soil organic matter (SOM), soil total nitrogen (STN) content, soil bulk density (SBD), and volume ratio of rock to soil (RRS)] of the different soil layers at 0–5, 5–10, 10–20, 20–30, 30–50, 50–70, and 70–100 cm among 86 sites on the Xinjiang temperate steppe during 2011–2013. We also surveyed the surface microenvironment (standing litter, litter, sand covering, and gravel, wind, and water erosion), elevation, and climate [mean annual temperature (MAT) and mean annual precipitation (MAP)] for each site. Finally, we explored the effects of surface microenvironment on soil pH as well as the relationships between soil pH and elevation, climate, and soil physicochemical properties. Our results showed that on the Xinjiang temperate steppe, soil pH gradually increases, while SOM and STN content gradually decrease with increasing soil depth. Litter, gravel, and wind erosion had no significant effects on pH (P > 0.05). However, standing litter decreased pH at the 0–50 cm layer, while water erosion only increased pH at the 0–20 cm layer and sand covering decreased pH at the 70–100 cm layer. Besides, pH in all soil layers was positively associated with elevation. Soil pH at the 0–10 cm layer also gradually increased with increasing MAT. With increasing MAP, pH at the 0–30 cm layer gradually decreased. In addition, pH at most soil layers was negatively correlated with SOM and STN content, while pH was tightly associated with SBD and RRS in only a few soil layers. Taking all these factors together, we found that on the Xinjiang temperate steppe, SOM, STN content, RRS and MAT play a more important role in regulating pH variation than other factors. These results showed that the changes of soil pH on the Xinjiang temperate steppe were simultaneously affected by surface microenvironment, elevation, climate, and soil physicochemical properties, but their relative importance differed among different factors and soil layers.

Key words:

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图 1 研究区域和样地分布图

Figure 1. Study area and distribution of study sites

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图 2 地表微环境对新疆温性草原土壤pH变化的影响

Figure 2. Effects of the surface microenvironment on soil pH on the Xinjiang temperate steppe

NS：无显著影响；不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。

NS: No significant difference; different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments at the 0.05 significance level.

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图 3 新疆温性草原不同土层pH与海拔、年平均温度和年平均降水量之间的关系

Figure 3. Relationships of different soil layer pH levels with elevation, mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation on the Xinjiang temperate steppe

图中实线和虚线分别代表在显著性0.05水平下的拟合关系及95%置信区间；NS：无显著相关；图4同。

The solid and dotted lines in the figures represent the fitted relationships and their confidence intervals at the significance level of 0.05, respectively; NS: No significant difference; this is applicable for Figure 4 as well.

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图 4 新疆温性草原不同土层pH与土壤有机质、全氮含量、容重和土石比之间的关系

Figure 4. Relationships of different soil layer pH levels with soil organic matter, total nitrogen content, soil bulk density, and volume ratio of rock to soil on the Xinjiang temperate steppe

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图 5 基于主成分分析的海拔(Ele)、年平均温度(MAT)、年平均降水量(MAP)、土层(Layer)、土壤有机质(SOM)、土壤全氮(STN)含量、土壤容重(SBD)和土石比(RRS)对新疆温性草原土壤pH的影响

Figure 5. Effects of elevation (Ele), mean annual temperature (MAT), mean annual precipitation (MAP), soil layers (Layer), soil organic matter (SOM), soil total nitrogen (STN) content, soil bulk density (SBD), and ratio of rock to soil (RRS) on soil pH on the Xinjiang temperate steppe on basis of a principal component analysis

PC1、PC2、PC3和PC4分别为第一、第二、第三和第四主成分的缩写。

PC1, PC2, PC3, and PC4 are abbreviations of the first, second, third, and fourth principal components, respectively.

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表 1 新疆温性草原土壤理化性质特征

Table 1. Descriptive statistics of the soil physicochemical properties on the Xinjiang temperate steppe

指标 Index	土层深度 Soil layers/cm	平均值 ± 标准误 Mean ± Standard error	最小值 Minimum	最大值 Maximum	变异系数 Coefficient of variation/%
土壤pH Soil pH	0－5	7.84 ± 0.07f	6.10	9.06	8.50
	5－10	7.95 ± 0.07ef	6.12	9.12	8.10
	10－20	8.10 ± 0.07de	6.24	9.25	7.50
	20－30	8.26 ± 0.07cd	6.70	9.32	7.00
	30－50	8.30 ± 0.06bc	6.37	9.38	7.10
	50－70	8.53 ± 0.06ab	7.15	9.36	5.20
	70－100	8.71 ± 0.06a	8.00	9.39	4.40
土壤有机质 Soil organic matter/(g·kg⁻¹)	0－5	60.90 ± 4.29a	9.05	194.36	52.24
	5－10	48.72 ± 3.08b	9.66	142.89	46.83
	10－20	40.49 ± 2.50c	9.52	110.69	45.37
	20－30	33.13 ± 2.07cd	9.93	88.51	45.86
	30－50	27.83 ± 1.79de	9.71	71.28	45.85
	50－70	21.10 ± 1.53ef	6.94	45.49	42.16
	70－100	17.26 ± 1.88f	1.99	41.56	56.54
土壤全氮 Soil total nitrogen/(g·kg⁻¹)	0－5	3.25 ± 0.21a	0.32	12.54	59.89
	5－10	2.74 ± 0.13b	0.20	9.40	54.08
	10－20	2.29 ± 0.11c	0.30	7.50	50.45
	20－30	1.89 ± 0.10d	0.18	6.20	54.05
	30－50	1.43 ± 0.10e	0.13	5.07	57.62
	50－70	1.04 ± 0.16ef	0.16	3.30	69.15
	70－100	0.83 ± 0.09f	0.11	2.80	73.43
土壤容重 Soil bulk density/(g·cm⁻³)	0－5	1.21 ± 0.03a	0.64	2.00	20.53
	5－10	1.26 ± 0.04a	0.66	2.64	27.90
	10－20	1.26 ± 0.03a	0.59	2.54	25.13
	20－30	1.22 ± 0.03a	0.70	2.58	23.73
	30－50	1.21 ± 0.03a	0.77	2.17	21.69
	50－70	1.20 ± 0.02a	0.71	1.75	14.75
	70－100	1.24 ± 0.04a	0.78	2.34	19.50
土石比 Ratio of rock to soil	0－5	0.24 ± 0.59a	0.01	0.64	69.60
	5－10	0.26 ± 0.61a	0.04	0.86	70.87
	10－20	0.31 ± 0.69a	0.03	0.80	65.37
	20－30	0.31 ± 0.69a	0.00	0.71	65.16
	30－50	0.34 ± 0.78a	0.03	0.73	56.51
	50－70	0.29 ± 0.60a	0.03	0.86	79.89
	70－100	0.26 ± 0.58a	0.03	0.77	74.07
同列不同小写字母表示土壤理化性质在不同土层间差异显著(P < 0.05)。　Different lowercase letters within the same column indicate significant differences between different soil layers of the soil physicochemical properties at the 0.05 level.

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声明！

新疆温性草原土壤pH特征及影响因素

作者简介: 左李娜(1994-)，女，山西临汾人，在读硕士生，主要研究方向为土壤学。E-mail: 1017572048@qq.com

通讯作者: 程军回(1984-)，男，甘肃庄浪人，博士，副教授，主要研究方向为植物生态学。E-mail: cjhgraymice@126.com

English

Patterns and drivers of soil pH on the Xinjiang temperate steppe

Corresponding author: CHENG Junhui E-mail: cjhgraymice@126.com

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

Corresponding author: CHENG Junhui　E-mail: cjhgraymice@126.com