| 序号 Serial number | 发布年份 Release year | 法规名称① Regulation name | 修正(订)年份 Revised year |
| 1 | 1983 | 内蒙古自治区草原管理条例 Regulations of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region on Grassland Management | 1991年、2005年 1991 Year、2005 Year |
| 2 | 1983 | 宁夏回族自治区草原管理条例 Regulations of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region on Grassland Management | 1994年、2006年 1944 Year、2006 Year |
| 3 | 1984 | 黑龙江省草原条例 Regulations of Heilongjiang Province on Grassland | 1994年、2006年、2016年、2018年 1994 Year、2006 Year、2016 Year、2018 Year |
| 4 | 1984 | 新疆维吾尔自治区实施《中华人民共和国草原法》办法 Measures of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region for the Implementation of the “Prairie Law of the People’s Republic of China” | 1989年、1997年、2011年 1989 Year、1997 Year、2011 Year |
| 5 | 1986 | 贵州省实施《中华人民共和国草原法》暂行办法 Interim Measures of the Guizhou Province for the Implementation of the “Prairie Law of the People’s Republic of China” | |
| 6 | 1987 | 吉林省草原管理条例 Regulations of Jilin Province on Grassland Management | 1997年 1997 Year |
| 7 | 1989 | 甘肃省草原条例 Regulations of Gansu Province on Grassland | 1997年、2004年、2007年 1997 Year、2004 Year、2007 Year |
| 8 | 1990 | 青海省实施《中华人民共和国草原法》办法 Measures of the Qinghai Province for the Implementation of the “Grassland Law of the People’s Republic of China” | 2001年、2008年、2010年、2018年、2020年 2001 Year、2008 Year、2010 Year、2018 Year、2020 Year |
| 9 | 1990 | 四川省《中华人民共和国草原法》实施办法 Measures of the Implementation for the “Grassland Law of the People’s Republic of China” in Sichuan Province | 2006年 2006 Year |
| 10 | 1994 | 陕西省实施《中华人民共和国草原法》办法 Measures of Shaanxi Province for the Implementation of the “Grassland Law of the People’s Republic of China” | 2009年、2014年、2021年 2009 Year、2014 Year、2021 Year |
| 11 | 1994 | 西藏自治区实施《中华人民共和国草原法》办法 Measures of the Tibet Autonomous Region to implement the “Grassland Law of the People’s Republic of China” | 2001年、2007年、2010年、2015年 2001 Year、2007 Year、2010 Year、2015 Year |
| 12 | 1998 | 内蒙古自治区草原管理条例实施细则 Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the Regulations on Grassland Management in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region | 2006年 2006 Year |
| 13 | 1999 | 内蒙古自治区基本草原保护条例 Regulations on the Protection of Basic Grasslands in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region | 2010年、2011年、2016年 2010 Year、2011 Year、2016 Year |
| 14 | 2007 | 陕西省封山禁牧条例 Regulations of Shaanxi Province on Closing Mountains and Prohibiting Herding | 2019年 2019 Year |
| 15 | 2007 | 山西省封山禁牧办法 Measures of Shanxi Province on Closing Mountains and Prohibiting Herding | |
| 16 | 2009 | 辽宁省草原管理实施办法 Measures for the Implementation of Grassland Management in Liaoning Province | 2011年、2014年、2016年、2017年、2021年 2011 Year、2014 Year、2016 Year、2017 Year、2021 Year |
| 17 | 2011 | 宁夏回族自治区禁牧封育条例 Regulations of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region on Prohibition of Herding and Enclosure | |
| 18 | 2013 | 吉林省封山禁牧管理办法 Administrative Measures of Jilin Province on Closing Mountains and Prohibiting Herding | |
| 19 | 2013 | 甘肃省草原禁牧办法 Measures of Gansu Province on Prohibition of Pasture on Grassland | |
| 20 | 2021 | 内蒙古自治区草畜平衡和禁牧休牧条例 Regulations of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region on Grass-Animal Balance and Prohibition of Grazing |
引用本文:
古力克孜·拜克日，郑婼予，李媛辉. 中国草原立法中法律责任规定之不足与完善. 草业科学, 2022, 39(4): 806-818
doi:
Citation: Gulikezi·Baikeri, ZHENG R Y, LI Y H. Insufficiency and perfection of the legal liability regulations in China’s grassland legislation. Pratacultural Science, 2022, 39(4): 806-818 doi:
Citation: Gulikezi·Baikeri, ZHENG R Y, LI Y H. Insufficiency and perfection of the legal liability regulations in China’s grassland legislation. Pratacultural Science, 2022, 39(4): 806-818 doi:
中国草原立法中法律责任规定之不足与完善
摘要:
通过对《草原法》及13个省、自治区20部草原法规中违法行为的法律责任进行梳理，整合分析2009年至2018年《全国草原违法案件统计分析报告》中的8类违法行为数据发现，其中违反草原禁牧休牧规定、非法临时占用使用草原、非法开垦草原、违反草畜平衡规定4类违法行为案发率高且对草原破坏性大；对这4类违法行为的法律责任分析，比较上位法与下位法间法律责任规定的异同，发现《草原法》存在立法空白、罚款力度太轻、个别省级草原法规与草原法的处罚幅度不一致等不足；建议从补充立法空白、提高罚款数额、加强省级草原法规与草原法的衔接等方面予以改进。
English
Insufficiency and perfection of the legal liability regulations in China’s grassland legislation
Abstract:
According to the legal responsibilities for illegal acts in the Grassland Law, 20 grassland laws and regulations of 13 provinces and autonomous regions were classified, and 8 kinds of illegal activities in the
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表 1 中国省级草原保护法规发展情况回顾
Table 1. Review of the development of China’s provincial grassland protection laws and regulations
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表 2 2009–2018年各违法行为类型和数量统计表
Table 2. Statistics of various types and the number of illegal activities from 2009 to 2018
违法行为类型
Types of violations年份 Year 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 违反草原禁牧休牧规定案件
Cases of violation of the regulations on
prohibition of grazing on the grassland22 853 15 580 13 272 15 313 15 675 14 899 12 822 1 1828 10 772 6 216 违反草畜平衡规定案件
Violation of grass-livestock balance
regulations1 978 739 541 909 890 1 013 1 181 1 029 1 261 344 非法开垦草原案件
Cases of illegal reclamation of grassland2 456 2 218 2 432 1 755 1 384 1 910 1 663 1 656 836 785 非法征收征用使用草原案件
Cases of illegal expropriation,
expropriation and use of grassland90 98 81 37 159 118 96 160 571 512 非法临时占用使用草原案件
Cases of illegal temporary occupation and
use of grassland377 313 376 170 257 191 163 162 158 178 非法采集草原野生植物案件
Illegal collection of wild plants in the
grassland436 1 306 310 248 438 527 794 643 58 59 买卖或者非法流转草原案件
Cases of buying, selling or illegally
circulating in the grassland33 20 31 29 19 26 28 7 3 16 其他案件
Other cases340 100 131 126 79 43 124 195 65 54 小计
Subtotal28 563 20 374 17 174 18 587 18 901 18 727 16 871 15 680 13 724 8 164
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表 3 2009 – 2018年违法行为破坏的草原面积
Table 3. The area of grassland destroyed by illegal activities from 2009 to 2018
hm2 违法行为类型
Types of violations年份 Year 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 非法开垦草原案件
Cases of illegal reclamation
of grassland10 946.67 10 026.67 9 626.67 6 040.00 11 506.67 19 026.67 10 746.67 5 706.67 5 140.00 3 406.67 非法征收征用使用草原案件
Cases of illegal expropriation
and use of grassland1 613.33 1 013.33 1 340.00 646.67 2 820.00 1 380.00 940.00 3 026.67 2 040.00 3 860.00 非法临时占用使用草原案件
Cases of illegal temporary
occupation and use of
grassland1 093.33 4 526.67 1 153.33 960.00 986.67 513.33 340.00 426.67 366.67 253.33 买卖或者非法流转草原案件
Cases of buying, selling,
or illegally circulating in
the grassland8 606.67 1 993.33 4 840.00 7 180.00 3 940.00 1 220.00 1 833.33 其他案件
Other cases46.67 小计
Subtotal22 260.00 17 560.00 16 960.00 14 826.67 19 253.33 22 140.00 13 860.00 9 160.00 7 546.67 7 553.33
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表 4 禁牧休牧类违法行为的法律责任
Table 4. Legal responsibilities for prohibiting illegal activities of grazing and rest grazing
法律法规
Laws and regulations法律责任
Legal liability草原法
Grassland Law无
None内蒙古自治区草原管理条例
Regulations of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region on Grassland Management警告；每羊单位5元以上10元以下的罚款。
Warning: a fine of more than 5 yuan but less than 10 yuan per sheep unit.内蒙古自治区基本草原保护条例
Regulations on the Protection of Basic Grasslands in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region警告；每羊单位30元的罚款。
Warning: a fine of 30 yuan per sheep unit.内蒙古自治区草畜平衡和禁牧休牧条例
Regulations of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region on Grass-Animal Balance and Prohibition of Grazing责令改正，每羊单位120元的罚款。
Order correction; a fine of 120 yuan per sheep unit.宁夏回族自治区草原管理条例
Regulations of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region on Grassland Management警告；每羊单位5元以上30元以下的罚款；
无法确定数量的，100元以上2 000元以下的罚款。
Warning；a fine of more than 5 yuan but less than 30 yuan per sheep unit;
uncertain amount, a fine of more than 100 yuan but less than 2 000 yuan.宁夏回族自治区禁牧封育条例
Regulations of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region on Prohibition of Herding and Enclosure责令改正，给予警告，每羊单位5元以上30元以的下罚款；
责令补种毁坏株数1倍以上3倍以下的树木。
Order correction, warning, a fine of more than 5 yuan but less than 30 yuan per sheep unit; order to replant 1 to 3 times more than the number of destroyed trees.黑龙江省草原条例
Regulations of Heilongjiang Province on Grassland责令停放；每次每羊单位10元的罚款。
Ordered to park; a fine of 10 yuan per sheep unit each time.新疆维吾尔自治区实施《中华人民共和国草原法》办法
Measures of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region for the Implementation of the “Prairie Law of the People’s Republic of China”责令改正；每只(头)单位处5元以下的罚款。
Order correction; a fine of less than 5 yuan per unit (head).甘肃省草原条例
Regulations of Gansu Province on Grassland责令改正；每羊单位10元以下的罚款。
Order correction; a fine of less than 10 yuan per sheep unit.陕西省封山禁牧条例
Regulations of Shaanxi Province on Closing Mountains and Prohibiting Herding责令改正，每只(头) 25以上50元以下的处以罚款；
情节严重，不听劝阻，继续实施或者3次以上违法放牧，屡教不改的，
按每只(头)单位50以上200元以下的处以罚款。
Order correction, a fine of more than 25 yuan but less than 50 yuan for each (head)；
If the circumstances are serious, and illegal grazing is continuously done, more than 3 times, without dissuasion, a fine of more than 50 yuan but less than 200 yuan per unit (head) is imposed.山西省封山禁牧办法
Measures of Shanxi Province on Closing Mountains and Prohibiting Herding责令停止放牧，处50元以上100元以下的罚款。
Order to stop grazing; impose a fine of 50 yuan up to 100 yuan.吉林省封山禁牧管理办法
Administrative Measures of Jilin Province on Closing Mountains and Prohibiting Herding责令改正，处100元以上500元以下的罚款；
损毁林草植被严重的，处200元以上1 000元以下的罚款。
Order correction; impose a fine of more than 100 yuan but less than 500 yuan;
If there is serious damage to forest and grass vegetation, a fine of more than 200 yuan but less than 1 000 yuan is imposed.未作规定：贵州省实施《中华人民共和国草原法》暂行办法、青海省实施《中华人民共和国草原法》办法、四川省《中华人民共和国草原法》实施办法、西藏自治区实施《中华人民共和国草原法》办法、辽宁省草原管理实施办法。
Not specified: Interim Measures of the Guizhou Province for the Implementation of the “Prairie Law of the People’s Republic of China”, Measures of the Qinghai Province for the Implementation of the “Grassland Law of the People’s Republic of China”, Measures for
the Implementation of the “Grassland Law of the People’s Republic of China” in Sichuan Province, Measures of the Tibet Autonomous Region to implement the “Grassland Law of the People’s Republic of China”, Measures for the Implementation of Grassland Management in Liaoning Province.
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表 5 非法临时占用使用草原违法行为的法律责任
Table 5. Legal liabilities for illegal temporary occupation of grassland
法律法规
Laws and regulations具体行为
Specific behavior法律责任
Legal liability草原法
Grassland Law在草原上进行采土、采砂、采石等活动
Excavating soil, sand, quarrying, and other activities on the grassland责令停止，限期恢复；
没收非法财产和违法所得，处1倍以上2倍以下罚款；
无违法所得时，处2万元以下罚款。
Order to stop and resume within a time limit;
Confiscation of illegal property and illegal income, impose a fine of 1 to 2 times the amount of illegal income;
If there is no illegal income, a fine of less than 20 000 yuan shall be imposed.在草原上开展经营性旅游活动
Carrying out business tourism activities on the grassland责令停止，限期恢复；
没收违法所得，处违法所得1倍以上2倍以下罚款；
无违法所得，草原破坏前3年平均产值6倍以上12倍以下的罚款。
Order to stop and resume within a time limit;
Confiscation of illegal income and a fine of 1 to 2 times the amount of illegal income;
No illegal income, fines of 6 to 12 times the average output value of the previous 3 years for grassland damage.未按确认的行驶区域、路线行驶破坏草原
Failure to follow the confirmed driving area and route to damage the grassland责令停止，限期恢复；
草原破坏前3年平均产值3倍以上9倍以下的罚款。
Order to stop and resume within a time limit;
A fine of more than 3 times and less than 9 times the average output value of the grassland in the previous 3 years.在临时占用的草原上修建永久性建筑物、构筑物
Constructing permanent buildings and structures on temporarily occupied grasslands责令限期拆除。
Order to remove within a time limit.西藏自治区实施《中华人民共和国草原法》办法
Measures of the Tibet Autonomous Region to implement the “Grassland Law of the People’s Republic of China”在草原上进行采土、采砂、采石等活动
Excavating soil, sand, quarrying, and other activities on the grassland责令停止，限期恢复；
没收非法财产和违法所得，处1倍以上2倍以下罚款；
无违法所得时，处1万元以上2万元以下罚款。
Order to stop and resume within a time limit;
Confiscating illegal property and illegal income, impose a fine 1 to 2 times the income;
If there is no illegal income, a fine of 10 000 to 20 000 yuan is imposed.新疆维吾尔自治区实施《中华人民共和国草原法》办法
Measures of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region for the Implementation of the “Prairie Law of the People’s Republic of China”机动车离开固定路线行驶，碾压草原
A motor vehicle drives off a fixed route, crushing the grassland处1 000元以上5 000元以下的罚款。
A fine of not less than 1 000 yuan but not more than
5 000 yuan shall be imposed.未作规定或同《草原法》规定：内蒙古自治区草原管理条例、宁夏回族自治区草原管理条例、黑龙江省草原条例、贵州省实施《中华人民共和国草原法》暂行办法、吉林省草原管理条例、甘肃省草原条例、青海省实施《中华人民共和国草原法》办法、四川省《中华人民共和国草原法》实施办法、陕西省实施《中华人民共和国草原法》办法、辽宁省草原管理实施办法。
部分一致：新疆维吾尔自治区实施《中华人民共和国草原法》办法、西藏自治区实施《中华人民共和国草原法》办法。
No provision or the same as the provisions of the Grassland Law: Regulations of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region on Grassland Management, Regulations of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region on Grassland Management, Regulations of Heilongjiang Province on Grassland, Interim Measures of the Guizhou Province for the Implementation of the “Prairie Law of the People’s Republic of China”, Regulations of Jilin Province on Grassland Management, Regulations of Gansu Province on Grassland, Measures of the Qinghai Province for the Implementation of the “Grassland Law of the People’s Republic of China”, Measures for the Implementation of the “Grassland Law of the People’s Republic of China” in Sichuan Province, Measures of Shaanxi Province for the Implementation of the “Grassland Law of the People’s Republic of China”, Measures for the Implementation of Grassland Management in Liaoning Province.
Partially consistent: Measures of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region for the Implementation of the “Prairie Law of the People’s Republic of China”, Measures of the Tibet Autonomous Region to implement the “Grassland Law of the People’s Republic of China”.
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表 6 非法开垦草原违法行为的法律责任
Table 6. Legal liability for illegal reclamation of grassland
法律法规
Laws and regulations法律责任
Legal liability草原法
Grassland Law责令停止，限期恢复；
没收非法财物和违法所得，处1倍以上5倍以下罚款；
无违法所得，处5万元以下的罚款。
Order to stop and resume within a time limit;
Confiscating illegal property and illegal gains, imposing a fine of 1 to 5 times the gain;
If there is no illegal income, a penalty of less than 50 000 yuan is imposed.内蒙古自治区基本草原保护条例
Regulations on the Protection of Basic Grasslands in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region3倍以上5倍以下的罚款；
无违法所得的，处5千元以上5万元以下的罚款。
Fines of more than 3 times but less than 5 times;
If there is no illegal income, the penalty shall not be less than 5 000 yuan but not more than 50 000 yuan.黑龙江省草原条例
Regulations of Heilongjiang Province on Grassland处1倍以上5倍以下的罚款；
无违法所得，处每平方米2元以上3元以下，最高处5万元以下的罚款。
Impose a fine of not less than 1 time but not more than 5 times;
If there is no illegal income, the penalty is between 2 and 3 yuan per square meter, and the maximum penalty is 50 000 yuan.辽宁省草原管理实施办法
Measures for the Implementation of Grassland Management in Liaoning Province限期恢复，没收非法财物和违法所得，处1倍以上5倍以下的罚款；
无违法所得的，按开垦面积每公顷(含不足1公顷)处5 000元以上1万元以下、最高不超过5万元的罚款。
Resume within a time limit, confiscate illegal property and illegal income, and impose a fine of more than 1 time and less than 5 times;
If there is no illegal income, a fine of more than 5 000 yuan but less than 10 000 yuan per hectare (including less than 1 hectare) of cultivated area shall be imposed, with a maximum fine of not more than 50 000 yuan.吉林省草原管理条例
Regulations of Jilin Province on Grassland Management责令停止，限期恢复；
情节严重的，1亩处50元以上100元以下(1公顷处750元以上1500元以下)的罚款。
Order to stop and resume within a time limit;
If the circumstances are serious, a fine of not less than 50 yuan but not more than 100 yuan per mu shall be imposed (1 hectare is subject to a fine of not less than 750 yuan but not more than 1 500 yuan).未作规定或同《草原法》规定：宁夏回族自治区草原管理条例、新疆维吾尔自治区实施《中华人民共和国草原法》办法、贵州省实施《中华人民共和国草原法》暂行办法、甘肃省草原条例、青海省实施《中华人民共和国草原法》办法、四川省《中华人民共和国草原法》实施办法、西藏自治区实施《中华人民共和国草原法》办法、陕西省实施《中华人民共和国草原法》办法、山西省封山禁牧办法。
No provision or the same as the provisions of the Grassland Law: Regulations of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region on Grassland Management, Measures of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region for the Implementation of the “Prairie Law of the People’s Republic of China”, Interim Measures of the Guizhou Province for the Implementation of the “Prairie Law of the People’s Republic of China”, Regulations of Gansu Province on Grassland, Measures of the Qinghai Province for the Implementation of the “Grassland Law of the People’s Republic of China”, Measures for the Implementation of the “Grassland Law of the People’s Republic of China” in Sichuan Province, Measures of the Tibet Autonomous Region to implement the “Grassland Law of the People’s Republic of China”, Measures of Shaanxi Province for the Implementation of the “Grassland Law of the People’s Republic of China”, Measures of Shanxi Province on Closing Mountains and Prohibiting Herding.
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凯时66表 7 违反草畜平衡类违法行为的法律责任
Table 7. Legal responsibilities for violations of grass-livestock balance violations
法律法规
Laws and regulations法律责任
Legal liability草原法
Grassland Law授权省、自治区、直辖市人大或其常委会作出具体规定。
Authorize the people’s congresses of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government or their standing committees to make specific regulations.内蒙古自治区草原管理条例
Regulations of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region on Grassland Management警告，限期改正；每羊单位30元的罚款。
Warning, correction within a time limit; a fine of 30 yuan per sheep unit.拒不签订草畜平衡责任书，处500元以下的罚款。
Refusal to sign the grass-livestock balance responsibility letter and impose a fine of less than 500 yuan.内蒙古自治区基本草原保护条例
Regulations on the Protection of Basic Grasslands in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region每羊单位100元的罚款。
100 yuan per sheep unit.内蒙古自治区草畜平衡和禁牧休牧条例
Regulations of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region on Grass-Animal Balance and Prohibition of Grazing责令限期改正；逾期不改正的，处每羊单位100元的罚款。
Orders to make corrections within a time limit; if they fail to make corrections within the time limit, a fine of 100 yuan per sheep unit shall be imposed.宁夏宁夏回族自治区草原管理条例
Regulations of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region on Grassland Management责令改正；每羊单位10元以上30元以下的罚款。
Order to make corrections; a fine of not less than 10 yuan and not more than 30 yuan per sheep unit.黑龙江省草原条例
Regulations of Heilongjiang Province on Grassland每次每羊单位10元的罚款。
10 yuan per sheep unit each time.新疆维吾尔自治区实施《中华人民共和国草原法》办法
Measures of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region for the Implementation of the "Prairie Law of the People’s Republic of China"责令改正；每只(头)单位处50元以下的罚款。
Order to make corrections; each (head) unit shall be fined less than 50 yuan.吉林省草原管理条例
Regulations of Jilin Province on Grassland Management按羊单位1至2元的管理费。
1 to 2 yuan management fee per sheep unit.青海省实施《中华人民共和国草原法》办法
Measures of the Qinghai Province for the Implementation of the “Grassland Law of the People’s Republic of China”
陕西省实施《中华人民共和国草原法》办法
Measures of Shaanxi Province for the Implementation of the “Grassland Law of the People’s Republic of China”超载不足30%，每羊单位10元；超载30%～50%，每羊单位20元；超载50%以上，每羊单位30元。
Overload of less than 30%, 10 yuan per sheep unit;
30%～50% overload, 20 yuan per sheep unit;
overload of more than 50%, 30 yuan per sheep unit.甘肃省草原条例
Regulations of Gansu Province on Grassland超载不足30%，每羊单位10元；超载31%～50%，每羊单位20元；超载50%以上，每羊单位30元。
Overload of less than 30%, 10 yuan per sheep unit; Overload 31%～50%, 20 yuan per sheep unit; overload of more than 50%, 30 yuan per sheep unit.拒不签订草畜平衡责任书，处500元以下的罚款。
Refusal to sign the grass-livestock balance responsibility letter and impose a fine of less than 500 yuan.四川省《中华人民共和国草原法》实施办法
Measures of the Implementation for the “Grassland Law of the People’s Republic of China” in Sichuan Province超载10%～30%，每羊单位10元；超载31%～50%，每羊单位15元；超载50%以上，每羊单位30元。
Overload of 10%～30%, 10 yuan per sheep unit; overload of 31%～50%, 15 yuan per sheep unit; overload of more than 50%, 30 yuan per sheep unit.西藏自治区实施《中华人民共和国草原法》办法
Measures of the Tibet Autonomous Region to implement the “Grassland Law of the People’s Republic of China”警告
Warn无规定：贵州省实施《中华人民共和国草原法》暂行办法、山西省封山禁牧办法、辽宁省草原管理实施办法。
No regulations: Interim Measures of the Guizhou Province for the Implementation of the “Prairie Law of the People’s Republic of China”，Measures of Shanxi Province on Closing Mountains and Prohibiting Herding, Regulations of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region on Prohibition of Herding and Enclosure.
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