引用本文: 张志军，郭同军，阿不夏合曼·穆巴拉克，古再丽努尔·艾麦提，秦荣艳，巴音巴特，王承敏，叶军，王文奇. 冷季补饲对放牧后备母羊生产性能和血液生化指标的影响. 草业科学, 2022, 39(5): 1-8 doi: shu

Citation: ZHANG Z, GUO T, Abshaiman·mubarak, Guzalnur·amat, QIN RY, Bayinbate, WANG C, YAN J, WANG W Q. Effects of supplementation on performance and blood biochemical index of grazing reserve ewes in the cold season. Pratacultural Science, 2022, 39(5): 1-8 doi: shu

冷季补饲对放牧后备母羊生产性能和血液生化指标的影响

1.
新疆畜牧科学院饲料研究所, 新疆乌鲁木齐 830011
2.
哈密市摆盛牧业有限责任公司, 新疆哈密 839000

作者简介: 张志军(1985-)，男，山西阳高人，副研究员，硕士，研究方向为动物营养与饲料科学。E-mail: 249704369@qq.com

通讯作者: 王文奇(1979-)，男，河南郑州人，研究员，硕士，研究方向为反刍动物营养与饲料科学。E-mail: xjslswwq@163.com

基金项目: 财政部和农业农村部：国家现代农业产业技术体系资助(CARS-38)；Supported by China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA”；新疆维吾尔自治区科技援疆计划项目(2018E02054)

摘要: 为研究放牧地区冷季后备母羊适宜的补饲配方，试验选取体重相近的8月龄阿勒泰后备母羊40只，随机分为4组，每组10只，在放牧条件下，补饲组每只羊每日补饲精料350 g，设置全价日粮瘤胃可降解氮(RDN):可发酵有机物(FOM)分别为35、30和25共3组，记作R:F₃₅组、R:F₃₀组和R:F₂₅组，对照组不补饲，试验期45 d。结果表明：1)试验末期，R:F₃₅组、R:F₃₀组、R:F₂₅组的体重较对照组分别提高了20.48%、19.24%和17.90%，差异极显著(P < 0.01)；日增重较对照组极显著提高(P < 0.01)。2) R:F₃₅组、R:F₃₀组极显著提高了试验羊的血清葡萄糖(GLU) (P < 0.01)。3) R:F₃₅组、R:F₃₀组的血清尿素氮 ( SUN)含量显著高于对照组(P < 0.05)，R:F₃₅组的谷丙转氨酶 (ALT)显著高于对照组(P < 0.05)，R:F₂₅组的谷草转氨酶 (AST)显著低于对照组(P < 0.05)。4)与对照组相比，R:F₃₅组血清总甘油三酯 (TG)显著增加(P < 0.05)，R:F₃₅组和R:F₃₀组的血清碱性磷酸酶 (ALP)极显著提高(P < 0.01)。5)各组间血清中钾离子(K⁺)、钠离子(Na⁺)、氯离子(Cl⁻)、钙离子(Ca²⁺)、镁离子(Mg²⁺)的含量无显著影响(P > 0.05)；R:F₂₅组的无机磷(IP)含量较对照组显著增加(P < 0.05)。综上所述，放牧后备母羊补饲精料可降低体损耗，改善能量、蛋白、脂肪代谢水平，血清矿物元素除IP外都无显著变化( P > 0.05)，以试验设计全价日粮RDN:FOM为35的补饲组最佳。

关键词:

English

Effects of supplementation on performance and blood biochemical index of grazing reserve ewes in the cold season

1.
Institute of Feed Research, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China
2.
Yizhou District Baisheng Animal Husbandry Co. , Ltd, Hami 839000, Xinjiang, China

Corresponding author: WANG Wenqi　E-mail: xjslswwq@163.com

Received Date: 2021-10-25
Accepted Date: 2022-02-24
Available Online: 2022-04-07

Abstract: This study aimed to determine a suitable formula for a supplement for grazing reserve ewes. Forty 8-month-old Altay reserve ewes, of similar weight, were divided randomly into 4 equal group. Three supplement groups were fed 350 g·d⁻¹ concentrate, with the ratios of RDN to FOM being 35, 30, and 25, respectively, in an adequate diet of R:F₃₅, R:F₃₀, and R:F₂₅; the control group (CON) was not fed. The experiment lasted for 45 days. The results were as follows. 1) At the end of the experiment, the body weights of animals in groups R:F₃₅, R:F₃₀, and R:F₂₅ were 20.48%, 19.24%, and 17.90% higher, respectively, than those in the CON group (P < 0.01); average daily gain of 3 groups fed the supplement was higher than the CON group (P < 0.01). 2) The serum GLU content of groups R:F₃₅ and R:F₃₀ was significantly higher (P < 0.01) than that of the CON group. 3) The serum UN content of groups R:F₃₅ and R:F₃₀ was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than of the CON group, the serum AST content of group R:F₃₅ was significantly higher than that of the CON group (P < 0.05), and the serum ALT content of group R:F₂₅ was significantly lower (P < 0.05) than that of the CON group. 4) The serum TG content of group R:F₃₅ was significantly higher than that of the CON group (P < 0.05), while the serum ALP content of groups R:F₃₅ and R:F₃₀ was significantly higher than that of the CON group (P < 0.01). 5) The serum K⁺, Na⁺, Cl⁻, Ca²⁺, and Mg²⁺ ions levels did not change (P > 0.05), and the serum IP content of group R:F₂₅ increased (P < 0.05) by 23.24% relative to the CON group. In conclusion, the loss in grazing reserve ewe body weight could be reduced when they were supplied concentrates in a timely manner. Under the conditions of the present study, the levels of energy, protein, and fat metabolism improved, and an adequate diet with different ratios of RDN to FOM had no impact on the level of any serum mineral element except IP. The optimum ratio of RDN to FOM of the adequate diet is 35.

Key words:

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图 1 补饲精料对放牧后备母羊血糖含量的影响

Figure 1. Effects of supplementation of concentrates on GLU of serum in reserved ewe

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 精料组成及营养水平(风干物质基础) %

Table 1. Composition and nutrient levels of concentrates (air-dried matter basis)

%
原料 Ingredients	补饲组 Supplementary feeding group
原料 Ingredients	R:F₃₅	R:F₃₀	R:F₂₅
组分 Component
玉米 Corn/%	59.0	60.5	61.0
麸皮 Wheat bran/%	11.0	15.5	17.0
棉粕 Cottonseed meal/%	8.5	9.5	7.0
葵花粕 Sunflower meal/%	18.5	11.5	12.0
食盐 NaCl/%	1.0	1.0	1.0
预混料 Premix¹⁾/%	2.0	2.0	2.0
合计 Total	100.0	100.0	100.0
营养水平 Nutrient level²⁾/%
干物质 Dry matter (DM)/%	90.27	90.26	90.31
有机物 Organic matter (OM)/%	85.65	84.64	86.57
中性洗涤纤维　Neutral detergent fibers (NDF)/%	20.28	19.11	19.13
酸性洗涤纤维　Acid detergent fibers (ADF)/%	10.65	9.19	9.03
粗蛋白 Crude protein (CP)/%	16.74	15.76	15.06
粗脂肪 Ether extract (EE)/%	2.60	2.81	2.87
钙 Calcium (Ca)/%	0.84	0.94	1.03
磷 Phosphorus (P)/%	0.33	0.37	0.36
代谢蛋白　Metabolic protein (MP)/(g·kg⁻¹)	117.30	111.00	106.10
代谢能　Metabolicenergy 　(ME)/(MJ·kg⁻¹)	11.51	11.62	11.58
R:F₃₅、R:F₃₀和R:F₂₅分别表示补饲全价日粮瘤胃可降解氮(RDN):可发酵有机物(FOM)分别为35、30和25；下同。¹⁾为每千克精料提供VA 30 000 IU，VD 5 000 IU，VE 200 IU 50 mg，CuSO₄·5H₂O 12 mg， ZnSO₄·H₂O 70 mg，CoCl₂·6H₂O 0.2 mg，MnSO₄·5H₂O 70 mg，FeSO₄·7H₂O 55 mg，Na₂SeO₃0.2 mg，KI 0.5 mg；²⁾ 为计算值。　R:F₃₅, R:F₃₀, and R:F₂₅represent the total rumen degradable nitrogen (RDN) : fermentable organic matter (FOM) 35, 30 and 25, respectively, this is applicable for the following tables and figures as well. ¹⁾provided the following nutrients per kg of concentrate VA 30 000 IU, VD 5 000 IU, VE 200 IU 50 mg, CuSO₄·5H₂O 12 mg, ZnSO₄·H2O 70 mg, CoCl₂·6H₂O 0.2 mg, MnSO4·5H₂O 70 mg, FeSO₄·7H₂O 55 mg, Na₂SeO₃0.2 mg, KI 0.5 mg; ²⁾ in the concentrates were calculated.

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表 2 补饲精料对放牧后备母羊生长性能的影响

Table 2. Effects of supplementation with concentrates on the growth of grazing reserved ewes

项目 Item	处理 Treatment
项目 Item	CON	R:F₃₅	R:F₃₀	R:F₂₅
初体重 Initial body weight/kg	38.56 ± 3.68a	38.25 ± 1.94a	38.56 ± 2.98a	38.41 ± 2.99a
末体重 Final body weight/kg	32.23 ± 3.68B	38.83 ± 1.47A	38.43 ± 2.78A	38.00 ± 2.50A
平均日增重 Average daily gain/(g·d⁻¹)	−0.14 ± 0.09B	0.01 ± 0.02A	−0.01 ± 0.02A	−0.01 ± 0.02A
CON：对照组，不补饲。同行不同大小写字母分别表示各处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)和极显著(P < 0.01)。下同。　CON: control group, no refeeding. Different capital and lowercase letters indicate significant difference at the 0.05 and 0.01 levels, respectively. This is applicable for the following tables and figures as well.

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表 3 补饲精料对放牧后备母羊血清中蛋白质代谢指标的影响

Table 3. Effects of supplementation with concentrates on the serum protein metabolism of grazing reserved ewes

项目 Item	处理 Treatment
项目 Item	CON	R:F₃₅	R:F₃₀	R:F₂₅
总蛋白 Total protein (TP)/(g·L⁻¹)	64.97 ± 5.03ab	65.82 ± 6.84a	58.97 ± 3.95b	63.02 ± 3.77ab
白蛋白 Albumin (ALB)/(g·L⁻¹)	30.31 ± 1.31a	32.41 ± 3.02a	30.58 ± 2.27a	31.10 ± 2.42a
球蛋白 Glubulin (GLB)/(g·L⁻¹)	33.26 ± 5.82a	33.42 ± 4.95a	28.39 ± 2.10a	32.14 ± 4.62a
尿素氮 Urea nitrogen (UN)/(mmol·L⁻¹)	4.46 ± 0.96b	5.45 ± 0.62a	5.70 ± 0.77a	5.01 ± 0.27ab
谷丙转氨酶 Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)/(U·L⁻¹)	19.04 ± 2.20ABb	23.47 ± 3.16Aa	17.23 ± 2.75Bb	21.19 ± 3.39ABab
谷草转氨酶(AST) Aspartate aminotransferase/(U·L⁻¹)	120.56 ± 21.62a	116.75 ± 22.58ab	102.35 ± 18.98ab	93.64 ± 13.97b

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表 4 补饲精料对放牧后备母羊血清脂肪代谢指标的影响

Table 4. Effects of supplementation with concentrates on the serum fat metabolism of grazing reserved ewes

项目Item	CON	R:F₃₅	R:F₃₀	R:F₂₅
甘油三酯 Total Triglyceride (TG)/(mmol·L⁻¹)	0.14 ± 0.03b	0.28 ± 0.13a	0.21 ± 0.03ab	0.24 ± 0.05ab
总胆固醇 Total Cholestero (TC)/(mmol·L⁻¹)	2.03 ± 0.22ab	1.98 ± 0.30ab	1.73 ± 0.42b	2.17 ± 0.32a

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表 5 补饲精料对放牧后备母羊血清矿物元素代谢指标的影响

Table 5. Effects of supplementation with concentrates on the serum mineral elements in grazing reserved ewes

项目Item	CON	R:F₃₅	R:F₃₀	R:F₂₅
钾 Kalium (K)/(mmol·L⁻¹)	6.22 ± 0.83a	6.27 ± 0.85a	5.94 ± 0.26a	6.84 ± 0.72a
钠 Natrium (Na)/(mmol·L⁻¹)	154.64 ± 2.73a	154.91 ± 7.25a	149.58 ± 2.11a	154.72 ± 2.18a
氯 Chlorine (Cl)/(mmol·L⁻¹)	105.91 ± 2.19a	107.21 ± 2.53a	105.53 ± 1.97a	107.98 ± 2.22a
钙 Calcium (Ca)/(mmol·L⁻¹)	2.62 ± 0.16a	2.67 ± 0.27a	2.54 ± 0.11a	2.60 ± 0.19a
镁 Magnesium (Mg)/(mmol·L⁻¹)	1.15 ± 0.15a	1.24 ± 0.11a	1.12 ± 0.02a	1.11 ± 0.13a
无机磷 Inorganic phosphorus (IP)/(mmol·L⁻¹)	2.28 ± 0.33b	2.66 ± 0.51ab	2.31 ± 0.17ab	2.81 ± 0.30a
碱性磷酸酶 Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)/(U·L⁻¹)	163.22 ± 49.19Bb	266.29 ± 51.78Aa	268.45 ± 44.73Aa	186.15 ± 59.22ABb

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冷季补饲对放牧后备母羊生产性能和血液生化指标的影响

作者简介: 张志军(1985-)，男，山西阳高人，副研究员，硕士，研究方向为动物营养与饲料科学。E-mail: 249704369@qq.com

通讯作者: 王文奇(1979-)，男，河南郑州人，研究员，硕士，研究方向为反刍动物营养与饲料科学。E-mail: xjslswwq@163.com

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Effects of supplementation on performance and blood biochemical index of grazing reserve ewes in the cold season

Corresponding author: WANG Wenqi E-mail: xjslswwq@163.com

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

Corresponding author: WANG Wenqi　E-mail: xjslswwq@163.com