| 性状 Traits | 记载标准 Definition |
| 生育期 Whole growth period | 播种至成熟期的天数 Days from the first day after sowing to maturity |
| 株高 Plant height | 从植株基部至植株穗顶部的高度 Height from bottom to spike top |
| 主茎直径 Stem diameter | 地面往上15 cm处植株主茎茎杆宽度 Width of main stem 15 cm above the ground |
| 株型 Plant type | 自然生长株型 Natural growth plant type |
| 穗色 Spike color | 穗部颜色 The color of spike |
| 杆色 Stem color | 茎杆颜色 The color of stem |
| 籽粒色 Seed color | 籽粒颜色 The color of seed |
| 单株鲜重 Fresh weight per plant | 单株成熟期全株重量 Whole plant weight in maturation period |
| 单株粒重 Grain weight per plant | 单株籽粒自然风干后的重量 Weight of seeds per plant after natural air drying |
| 千粒重1000−grain weight | 随机取1000粒藜麦籽粒，自然风干后的重量 The weight of 1000 seeds after natural air drying |
引用本文:
张燕红，郭占斌，刘瑞香. 不同藜麦品种(系)农艺性状与产量关系的研究. 草业科学, 2022, 39(0): 1-11
doi:
Citation: ZHANG Y H, GUO Z B, LIU R X. Analysis of the relationship between agronomic traits and yield of . Pratacultural Science, 2022, 39(0): 1-11 doi:
Citation: ZHANG Y H, GUO Z B, LIU R X. Analysis of the relationship between agronomic traits and yield of . Pratacultural Science, 2022, 39(0): 1-11 doi:
不同藜麦品种(系)农艺性状与产量关系的研究
摘要:
本文选择14个藜麦(Chenopodium quinoa)品种(系)为材料，通过观测其生育期、株高、主茎直径、单株鲜重、单株粒重、千粒重、穗色、杆色、籽粒色及株型，采用相关性分析、主成分分析、多元线性回归分析、通径分析及聚类分析等方法，研究藜麦农艺性状与产量的关系。结果表明：藜麦农艺性状变异丰富，变异系数介于16.31%～46.18%；单株粒重与单株鲜重、千粒重呈极显著正相关(P < 0.01)，与生育期、株高呈负相关，与主茎直径成正相关；主成分分析提取到3个主成分，分别为形态因子、产量因子和生育周期因子，累计贡献率达81.107%；通径分析结果表明千粒重、单株鲜重对单株粒重起限制作用；采用类平均法对14个不同藜麦品种(系)进行Q型聚类分析，在类间距离为3时，将供试藜麦分为6个类群。影响藜麦单株产量的主要因素是千粒重、单株鲜重，利用主成分分析和聚类分析建立的藜麦综合评价体系，可为藜麦品种(系)的筛选利用提供理论依据。
English
Analysis of the relationship between agronomic traits and yield of Chenopodium quinoa
Abstract:
In this study, 14 Chenopodium quinoa cultivars (strains) were selected as research materials. The whole growth period, plant height, stem diameter, fresh weight per plant, grain weight per plant, 1000-grain weight, spike color, stem color, seed color, and spike type of quinoa were observed and the relationship between agronomic characteristics and quinoa yield was determined using correlation, principal component, multiple linear regression, path, and cluster analyses. The results revealed abundant variation in the agronomic traits of Ch. quinoa, with a coefficient of variation ranging from 16.31% to 46.18%. Grain weight per plant was positively correlated with both the fresh weight per plant and 1000-grain weight (P < 0.01), negatively correlated with the whole growth period and plant height, and positively correlated with the stem diameter. Three principal components, the morphological, yield, and growth cycle factors, were extracted using principal component analysis, with a cumulative contribution rate of 81.107%. Path analysis showed that the 1000-grain weight and fresh weight per plant limited the grain weight per plant. Q-type cluster analysis of 14 different quinoa cultivars (strains) was carried out using the group-average method. Using a distance of 3 between clusters, the quinoa cultivars could be divided into six groups. The 1000-grain weight and fresh weight per plant were the main factors affecting quinoa yield, per plant. This comprehensive evaluation system for quinoa, established using principal component and cluster analyses, can provide a theoretical basis for the screening and utilization of quinoa cultivars (strains).
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Key words:
- Chenopodium quinoa /
- agronomic traits /
- yield /
- correlation analysis /
- principal component analysis /
- path analysis /
- cluster analysis
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表 1 藜麦农艺性状记载标准
Table 1. Guidelines for measuring the agronomic traits of quinoa
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表 2 藜麦描述项目及鉴定标准
Table 2. The main morphological characteristics and their categories for quinoa
序号 Code 性状 Traits 标准 Category 1 株型 Plant type 1=相对紧凑；2=较紧凑；3=紧凑；4=分散；5=较分散；6=相对分散
1=Tightest；2=Tighter；3=Tight；4=Dispersive；5=More dispersive；6=Most dispersive2 杆色 Stem color 1=黄；2=橘红；3=红；4=绿；5=紫红
1=Yellow；2=Reddish orange；3=Red；4=Green；5=Purplish red3 穗色 Spike color 1=白；2=黄；3=橘红；4=红；5=青；6=绿；7=紫红；8=紫
1=White；2=Yellow；3=Reddish orange；4=Red；5=Cyan；6=Green；7=Purplish red；8=Purple4 籽粒色 Seed color 1=白；2=橘红；3=紫红；4=黑
1=White；2=Reddish orange；3=Purplish red；4=Black
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表 3 不同藜麦品种(系)农艺性状表现
Table 3. Representative agronomic traits of quinoa cultivars
品种
Cultivar生育期
WGP/d株高
PH/cm主茎直径
SD/mm单株鲜重
FWPP/g单株粒重
GWPP/g千粒重
1000−GW/g黑藜 Heili 173 212.750 ± 4.200cdB 22.768 ± 1.420cAB 1 895.000 ± 313.670aA 123.572 ± 22.330abAB 2.139 ± 0.120bAB A4 173 179.600 ± 7.850eC 20.084 ± 1.550cdB 883.000 ± 149.680deBCD 121.615 ± 22.930abAB 2.208 ± 0.040bAB SC-1 170 210.900 ± 6.170cdB 20.481 ± 1.270cdB 1 163.000 ± 244.580bcdABCD 140.320 ± 53.550abAB 2.068 ± 0.150bcBC F2-3 168 193.600 ± 7.610deBC 17.968 ± 1.560dBC 490.000 ± 60.060eD 162.542 ± 17.400aA 2.208 ± 0.110bAB F1 173 197.900 ± 6.310cdeBC 19.396 ± 1.040cdB 414.500 ± 85.110eD 66.190 ± 12.770bcAB 1.704 ± 0.130cdBCDE F2 169 200.700 ± 7.410cdeBC 20.548 ± 0.970cdB 811.000 ± 71.430deCD 128.864 ± 22.170abAB 2.055 ± 0.160bcBC F3 167 210.100 ± 4.330cdB 23.276 ± 1.310abcAB 980.800 ± 105.410cdeBCD 97.028 ± 9.340abcAB 1.733 ± 0.050cdBCDE ZK1 166 217.400 ± 7.290cB 22.974 ± 1.510bcAB 1 645.000 ± 223.420abAB 77.520 ± 23.340bcAB 1.697 ± 0.080cdBCDE ZK2 167 207.300 ± 4.060cdBC 23.433 ± 1.110abcAB 1 532.100 ± 293.240abcABC 42.849 ± 15.770cB 1.475 ± 0.130dDE 雪藜 Xueli 174 203.800 ± 6.130cdBC 22.625 ± 0.940cAB 1 195.000 ± 148.350bcdABCD 162.131 ± 38.740aA 2.630 ± 0.100aA 格藜 Geli 175 135.900 ± 3.430fD 14.176 ± 1.460eC 461.800 ± 68.210eD 100.283 ± 18.990abcAB 2.577 ± 0.210aA 台紫红 Tai zi hong 173 293.500 ± 10.440aA 27.126 ± 1.190aA 1 477.000 ± 293.530abcABC 40.726 ± 3.880cB 1.374 ± 0.180dE 台黄红 Tai huang hong 173 271.600 ± 10.560bA 26.862 ± 1.520abA 1 087.000 ± 124.820bcdBCD 42.264 ± 11.970cB 1.559 ± 0.080dCDE C3-1 175 191.700 ± 4.260deBC 18.066 ± 0.810dBC 488.700 ± 46.940eD 71.335 ± 7.000bcAB 1.985 ± 0.080bcBCD 同列数据后大、小写字母分别表示品种(系)间差异达极显著水平(P < 0.01)和显著水平(P < 0.05)。下同。
Note: Capital and lowercase letters within the same row indicate a very significant difference (P < 0.01) or a significant difference (P < 0.05), respectively, between the cultivars (strains). WGP: whole growth period; PH: plant height; SD: stem diameter; FWPP: fresh weight per plant; GWPP: grain weight per plant; 1000-GW: 1000-grain weight. This is applicable for the following tables and figures as well.
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表 4 藜麦各农艺性状的描述性分析
Table 4. Descriptive statistical analysis of agronomic traits of quinoa
性状
Traits平均值
Mean标准差
Standarddeviation最大值
Maximum最小值
Minimum极差
Range变异系数
Coefficient of variation/%偏度
Skewness峰度
Kurtosis生育期 WGP 171.14 3.18 175 166 9 1.86 −0.377 −1.411 株高 PH 209.05 37.33 331 120 157.6 17.86 0.693 1.087 主茎直径 SD 21.42 3.49 27.13 14.18 12.95 16.31 0.000 0.170 单株鲜重 FWPP 1 037.42 479.11 1895 414.5 1 480.5 46.18 1.382 1.675 单株粒重 GWPP 98.37 42.79 162.54 40.73 121.81 43.50 1.805 4.970 千粒重 1000-GW 1.89 0.34 2.58 1.37 1.21 18.16 0.487 1.215
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表 5 藜麦表观性状表现
Table 5. Representative epigenetic traits of quinoa cultivars
品种
Cultivar株型
Plant type杆色
Stem color穗色
Spike color籽粒颜色
Seed colorF2-3 紧凑 Tight 红 Red 紫红 Purplish red 白 White 雪藜 Xueli 较分散 More dispersive 绿 Green 白 White 白 White SC-1 紧凑 Tight 绿 Green 绿 Green 白 White F2 紧凑 Tight 紫红 Purplish red 紫红 Purplish red 白 White 黑藜 Heili 紧凑 Tight 绿 Green 绿 Green 黑 Black A4 紧凑 Tight 黄 Yellow 黄 Yellow 白 White 格藜 Geli 紧凑 Tight 绿 Green 黄 Yellow 白 White F3 紧凑 Tight 绿 Green 黄 Yellow 白 White ZK1 分散 Dispersive 绿 Green 青 Cyan 白 White C3-1 分散 Dispersive 绿 Green 黄 Yellow 白 White F1 较紧凑 Tighter 红 Red 红 Red 白 White ZK2 分散 Dispersive 绿 Green 青 Cyan 白 White 台黄红 Tai huang hong 紧凑 Tight 橘红 Reddish orange 橘红 Reddish orange 橘红 Reddish orange 台紫红 Tai zi hong 紧凑 Tight 紫红 Purplish red 紫 Purple 紫红 Purplish red
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表 6 藜麦各性状的相关性分析
Table 6. Correlation coefficients between quinoa agronomic traits
性状
Traits生育期
GP株高
PH主茎直径
SD单株鲜重
FWPP千粒重
1000-GW单株粒重
GWPP生育期 WGP 1.000 株高 PH −0.076 1.000 主茎直径 SD −0.140 0.670** 1.000 单株鲜重 FWPP −0.185* 0.411** 0.596** 1.000 千粒重1000-GW 0.268** −0.356** −0.221** −0.088 1.000 单株粒重 GWPP −0.019 −0.105 0.054 0.259** 0.489** 1.000 “*”表示在P < 0.05水平(双侧)上相关性显著；“**”表示在P < 0.01水平(双侧)上相关性显著。
“*” represents significant correlation P < 0.05 (2-tailed), “**” represents extremely significant correlation P < 0.01 (2-tailed).
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表 7 藜麦农艺性状的主成分分析
Table 7. Principal component analysis of quinoa agronomic traits
性状
Traits因子1
Principal
component 1因子2
Principal
component 2因子3
Principal
component 3生育期 WGP −0.342 0.116 0.903 株高 PH 0.825 −0.046 0.305 主茎直径 SD 0.862 0.212 0.176 单株鲜重 FWPP 0.714 0.457 −0.069 千粒重 1000-GW −0.513 0.712 0.118 单株粒重 GWPP −0.076 0.878 −0.205 特征值 Eigenvalue 2.318 1.548 1.001 贡献率
Contribution rate/%38.638 25.793 16.676 累计贡献率
Cumulative
contribution rate/%38.638 64.431 81.107
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表 8 藜麦各农艺性状得分矩阵
Table 8. Score matrix of quinoa agronomic traits
性状
Traits主成分 Principal component T1 T2 T3 生育期(X1) WGP −0.148 0.075 0.903 株高(X2) PH 0.356 −0.029 0.305 主茎直径(X3) SD 0.372 0.137 0.176 单株鲜重(X4) FWPP 0.308 0.295 −0.069 千粒重(X5) 1000-GW −0.221 0.460 0.118 单株粒重(X6) GWPP −0.033 0.567 −0.205
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表 9 藜麦单株粒重与5个农艺性状的多元线性回归分析系数
Table 9. Coefficients of multivariate linear regression analysis for yield per plant and five agronomic traits of quinoa
模型
Model未标准化系数 Non-standardized coefficient 标准化系数
Standardized coefficientt Sig. B 标准误差 Standard error 1 常量 Constant 413.149 334.178 − 1.236 0.219 生育期(X1) WGP −2.871 1.979 −0.107 −1.451 0.149 株高(X2) PH −0.116 0.196 −0.059 −0.594 0.554 主茎直径(X3) SD 0.243 1.717 0.015 0.141 0.888 单株鲜重(X4) FWPP 0.034 0.010 0.300 3.400 0.001 千粒重(X5) 1000−GW 81.868 12.116 0.527 6.757 0.000
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表 10 藜麦单株粒重与5个农艺性状的多元线性逐步回归模型概述输出结果
Table 10. Summary of output results of multivariate linear stepwise regression models for yield per plant and five agronomic traits of quinoa
模型
ModelR R2 调整R2
Adjust R2标准估计的误差
Standard estimate error1 0.489a 0.240 0.234 71.968 15 2 0.576b 0.331 0.322 67.733 68 a预测变量包括常量、千粒重；b预测变量包括常量、千粒重、单株鲜重。
a Predictors including constant, 1000-grain weight; b Predictors including constant, 1000-grain weight, and fresh weight per plant.
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表 11 藜麦单株粒重与5个农艺性状的多元线性逐步回归分析系数
Table 11. Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis coefficient for yield per plant and five agronomic traits of quinoa
模型
Model未标准化系数 Non-standardized coefficient 标准化系数
Standardized coefficientt 显著性Sig. B 标准误差 Standard error 1 常量 Constant −50.469 23.378 − −2.159 0.033 千粒重(X5) 1000-GW 76.018 11.528 0.489 6.594 0.000 2 常量 Constant −94.531 24.236 − −3.900 0.000 千粒重(X5) 1000-GW 80.180 10.893 0.516 7.361 0.000 单株鲜重(X4) FWPP 0.035 0.008 0.304 4.335 0.000
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凯时66表 12 藜麦单株粒重与农艺性状的通径分析
Table 12. Agronomic path analysis for yield of quinoa
性状
Traits相关系数
Correlation
coefficient直接通径系数
Direct path
coefficient间接通径系数 Indirect path coefficient 决策系数
Decision
coefficientX1 X2 X3 X4 X5 合计 Total 生育期(X1) WGP −0.019 −0.107 − 0.005 −0.002 −0.056 0.141 0.088 −0.030 株高(X2) PH −0.105 −0.059 0.008 − 0.010 0.123 −0.187 −0.046 0.002 主茎直径(X3) SD 0.054 0.015 0.015 −0.040 − 0.180 −0.116 0.039 0.001 单株鲜重(X4) FWPP 0.259 0.300 0.020 −0.024 0.009 − −0.046 −0.041 −0.115 千粒重(X5) 1000-GW 0.489 0.527 −0.029 0.020 −0.003 −0.026 − −0.038 −0.318
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