引用本文: 曹晓凡. 试论我国草原法律法规体系的修改与完善——以行政处罚为视角. 草业科学, 2022, 39(6): 1-8 doi: shu

Citation: CAO X F. On the revision and perfection of Grassland Law in China: From the perspective of administrative penalty. Pratacultural Science, 2022, 39(6): 1-8 doi: shu

试论我国草原法律法规体系的修改与完善

曹晓凡 ^{, ,}

河北环境工程学院, 河北秦皇岛 066102

通讯作者: 曹晓凡(1979-)，男，河南虞城人，副教授，硕士，主要从事生态环境法实务研究。E-mail: caoxiaofan2006@163.com

基金项目: 中国法学会环境资源法学研究会环境法典研究(2018-2020)招标项目“环境法执行效率与效能研究”(CSERL-FDH-18003)；生态环境部环境工程评估中心招标项目“福建省环境行政违法案件案卷要点梳理与疑难问题分析”(ACEE-20200529)

摘要: 我国草原法律法规对行政处罚的规定纷繁复杂。本研究首先简要介绍了我国草原法律法规体系。结合2021年新修订的《行政处罚法》对草原法中规定的行政处罚进行了系统，同时指出警告、罚款、没收违法所得、没收非法财物、吊销许可证件等行政处罚存在的主要问题。并就如何完善我国草原法律法规体系提出具体建议，如尽量减少声誉罚的设定、增强罚款处罚的可操作性、增加“双罚制”的设定方式、普遍增设没收违法所得的处罚、合理设定没收非法财物、增设和规范资格罚等，以期与当前生态文明建设要求相适应。

关键词:

English

On the revision and perfection of Grassland Law in China: From the perspective of administrative penalty

CAO Xiaofan ^{, ,}

Hebei University of Environmental Engineering, Qinhuangdao 066012, Hebei, China

Corresponding author: CAO Xiaofan　E-mail: caoxiaofan2006@163.com

Received Date: 2021-09-02
Accepted Date: 2022-01-13
Available Online: 2022-04-14

Abstract: The provisions of the administrative penalty in China's Grassland Law are composite. This paper briefly introduces Grassland Law in China. Combined with the newly revised Administrative Punishment Law of the People's Republic of China in 2021, this study systematically analyzes the administrative penalty stipulated in the Grassland Law, and points out the main problems of administrative penalty, such as warning, fine, confiscation of illegal income, confiscation of illegal property, revocation of license and so on. It also puts forward specific suggestions on how to improve China's Grassland Law system to adapt to the current requirements of ecological civilization construction,such as minimize the setting of reputation punishment, enhance the operability of fine punishment, add the set mode of "double punishment system", generally add the punishment of confiscation illegal income, reasonably set the punishment of confiscation illegal property, add and standardize qualification punishment, etc.

Key words:

Ecological environmental protection supervision /
Grassland Law /
revise /
legal responsibility /
classification of administrative punishment

1. [1]
  曹晓凡, 朴光洙. 浅议草原法中规定的行政处分[J]. 草业科学草业科学, 2011, 27(7): 160-164.
  CAO X F, PIAO G Z. A study on administrative punishments in Grassland Law[J]. Pratacultural SciencePratacultural Science, 2011, 27(7): 160-164.
2. [2]
  刘晓莉. 中国草原保护法律制度研究[J]. 北京: 人民出版社北京: 人民出版社, 2015, (): 66-.
  LIU X L. Study on the Legal System of Grassland Protection in China[J]. Beijing: People’s Publishing HouseBeijing: People’s Publishing House, 2015, (): 66-.
3. [3]
  张大有. 学习医疗法学调整医患关系[J]. 安徽医学安徽医学, 2007, 28(4): 384-386. doi:
  ZHANG D Y. Study medical law and adjust doctor-patient relationship[J]. Anhui Medical JournalAnhui Medical Journal, 2007, 28(4): 384-386. doi:
4. [4]
  许安标. 中华人民共和国行政处罚法释义[J]. 北京: 中国民主法制出版社北京: 中国民主法制出版社, 2021, (): 49-51.
  XU A B. Interpretation of the Administrative Punishment Law of the People’s Republic of China[J]. Beijing: China Democracy and Legal System Press, 2021, (): 49-51.
5. [5]
  程雨燕. 环境行政处罚研究: 原则、罚则与方向. 武汉: 武汉大学博士学位论文, 2009.
  CHENG Y Y. On environmental administrative penalty: Principle, punishment system and direction. PhD Thesis. Wuhan: Wuihan University, 2009.
6. [6]
  程雨燕. 析环境行政处罚中的警告罚[J]. 广东社会科学广东社会科学, 2009, (4): 196-200. doi:
  CHENG Y Y. Analysis on warning punishment in environmental administrative punishment[J]. Social Sciences in GuangdongSocial Sciences in Guangdong, 2009, (4): 196-200. doi:
7. [7]
  程雨燕. 环境行政处罚研究[J]. 广州: 广东人民出版社广州: 广东人民出版社, 2013, (): 120-121.
  CHENG Y Y. Research on Environmental Administrative Punishment[J]. Guangzhou: Guangdong People’s Publishing House, 2013, (): 120-121.
8. [8]
  袁杰, 赵振华. 中华人民共和国行政处罚法问答[J]. 北京: 中国民主法制出版社北京: 中国民主法制出版社, 2021, (): 21-53.
  YUAN J, ZHAO Z H. Q & A on the Administrative Punishment Law of the People’s Republic of China[J]. Beijing: China dDemocracy and Legal System Press, 2021, (): 21-53.
9. [9]
  张红. 行政罚款设定方式研究[J]. 中国法学中国法学, 2020, (5): 84-105.
  ZHANG H. Research on the way of setting administrative penalty[J]. China Legal ScienceChina Legal Science, 2020, (5): 84-105.
10. [10]
  陈德敏, 鄢德奎. 按日计罚的法律性质与规范构建[J]. 中州学刊中州学刊, 2015, (6): 41-45. doi:
  CHEN D M, YAN D K. Legal nature and normative construction of daily punishment[J]. Academic Journal of ZhongzhouAcademic Journal of Zhongzhou, 2015, (6): 41-45. doi:
11. [11]
  王兰. 我国环境法中按日计罚制度构建. 苏州: 苏州大学硕士学位论文, 2014.
  WANG L. Study on the penalty according to the day system in Chinese environmental law. Master Thesis. Suzhou: Suzhou University, 2014.
12. [12]
  晏山嵘. 行政处罚实务与判例释解[J]. 北京: 法律出版社北京: 法律出版社, 2016, (): 95-.
  YAN S R. Practice of Administrative Punishment and Interpretation of Precedents[J]. Beijing: Law PressBeijing: Law Press, 2016, (): 95-.
13. [13]
  卞耀武. 中华人民共和国草原法释义[J]. 北京: 法律出版社北京: 法律出版社, 2004, (): 130-.
  BIAN Y W. Interpretation of Grassland Law of the People’s Republic of China[J]. Beijing: Law PressBeijing: Law Press, 2004, (): 130-.
14. [14]
  江必新, 夏道虎. 中华人民共和国行政处罚法条文解读与法律适用[J]. 北京: 中国法制出版社北京: 中国法制出版社, 2021, (): 93-.
  JIANG B X, XIA D H. Interpretation and Application of the Provisions of the Administrative Punishment Law of the People’s Republic of China[J]. Beijing: China Legal Publishing HouseBeijing: China Legal Publishing House, 2021, (): 93-.
15. [15]
  袁雪石. 中华人民共和国行政处罚法释义[J]. 北京: 中国法制出版社北京: 中国法制出版社, 2021, (): 73-.
  YUAN X S. Interpretation of the Administrative Punishment Law of the People’s Republic of China[J]. Beijing: China Legal Publishing HouseBeijing: China Legal Publishing House, 2021, (): 73-.
16. [16]
  别涛, 崔书红. 建设项目环境保护管理条例释义[J]. 北京: 中国民主法制出版社北京: 中国民主法制出版社, 2017, (): 108-.
  BIE T, CUI S H. Interpretation of Regulations on the Administration of Environmental Protection of Construction Projects[J]. Beijing: China Democracy and Legal sSystem Press, 2017, (): 108-.
17. [17]
  杨伟东. 中华人民共和国行政处罚法理解与适用[J]. 北京: 中国法制出版社北京: 中国法制出版社, 2021, (): 102-.
  YANG W D. Understanding and Application of the Administrative Punishment Law of the People’s Republic of China[J]. Beijing: China Legal Publishing HouseBeijing: China Legal Publishing House, 2021, (): 102-.
18. [18]
  农业部草原监理中心. 草原执法理论与实践(第二版)[J]. 北京: 中国农业出版社北京: 中国农业出版社, 2015, (): 134-.
  Grassland Supervision Center of the Ministry of Agriculture. Theory and Practice of Grassland Law Enforcement (Second Edition)[J]. Beijing: China Agricultural PressBeijing: China Agricultural Press, 2015, (): 134-.
19. [19]
  熊樟林. 行政处罚的种类多元化及其防控[J]. 政治与法律政治与法律, 2020, (3): 77-93.
  XIONG Z L. Diversification of administrative punishment and its prevention and control[J]. Politics and LawPolitics and Law, 2020, (3): 77-93.
20. [20]
  农业部草原监理中心. 中国草原执法概论. 北京: 人民出版社, 2007: 25.
  Grassland Supervision Center of the Ministry of Agriculture. Introduction to Grassland Law Enforcement in China, Beijing: People’s Publishing House, 2007: 25.
1. [1]
  古力克孜·拜克日 , 郑婼予 , 李媛辉 . 中国草原立法中法律责任规定之不足与完善. 草业科学, doi:
2. [2]
  王政 . 禁牧休牧监管立法的分析与探讨. 草业科学, doi:
3. [3]
  曹晓凡 , 朴光洙 . 浅议草原法中规定的行政处分. 草业科学,
4. [4]
  加强草原生态执法，保护草原生态环境. 草业科学,
5. [5]
  张颖 , 钞振华 , 杨永顺 , 徐维新 , 马赫 . 基于PSR模型的青海湖流域生态环境保护效果评价. 草业科学, doi:
6. [6]
  乱采滥挖野生药用植物对甘南草原生态环境的破坏. 草业科学,
7. [7]
  张龙 , 白昌军 , 严琳玲 , 刘国道 , 王文强 , 贾庆麟 , 丁西朋 . 基于柱花草DUS测试性状的多样性分析与测试指南修订探讨. 草业科学, doi:
8. [8]
  潘冬荣 , 闫浩文 , 韩天虎 , 孙斌 , 姜佳昌 , 柳小妮 , 李霞 , 王红霞 . 基于当量因子法的甘肃省草原生态系统服务价值评估. 草业科学, doi:
9. [9]
  杜金鸿 , 张玉波 , 刘方正 , 陈冰 , 李俊生 , 王伟 . 中国草地类自然保护区生态环境质量动态评价指标体系构建与案例. 草业科学, doi:
10. [10]
  高鹏文 , 阿里木江·卡斯木 , 图尔荪阿依·如孜 , 赵永玉 , 朱增云 . 哈密绿洲生态环境质量空间格局变化. 草业科学, doi:
11. [11]
  洛桑·灵智多杰 . 弘扬草原文化保护草原生态. 草业科学,
12. [12]
  王莺 , 李耀辉 , 孙旭映 . 气候变化对黄河源区生态环境的影响. 草业科学, doi:
13. [13]
  GIS表述的生态环境评价体系研究以青海省为例. 草业科学,
14. [14]
  王启基 , 王发刚 , 周华坤 , ??玉 . 三江源区东北部生态环境现状及防治策略. 草业科学,
15. [15]
  GIS技术在生态环境状况评价方面的应用. ;草业科学,
16. [16]
  青海玉树隆宝地区生态环境动态变化研究. 草业科学,
17. [17]
  气候变化对西北地区生态环境影响的若干进展. 草业科学,
18. [18]
  闫晓玲 . ;河西地区山地草原生态现状及保护对策. 草业科学,
19. [19]
  ??琳 , 卢欣石 . 草原类型自然保护区现状及其生态旅游发展. 草业科学,
20. [20]
  杨旭东 , 杨春 , 孟志兴 . 我国草原生态保护现状、存在问题及建议. 草业科学, doi:

凯时66

图 1 省级以下现行地方性法规和单行条例

Figure 1. Current local regulations and separate regulations under the provincial level

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 国家层面现行草原法律法规数据表

Table 1. Data sheet of the Grassland Law in force at the national level

序号 Number	法律位阶 Legal hierarchy	名称 Legal name	数量 Figure
1	法律 Law	《中华人民共和国草原法》 Grassland Law of the People's Republic of China	1
2	行政法规 Administrative regulations	《草原防火条例》 Regulations on Grassland Fire prevention	1
3	司法解释 Judicial explanations	《最高人民法院凯时66审理破坏草原资源刑事案件应用法律若干问题的解释》 Judicial Explanations of the Supreme People's Court on Several Issues Concerning the Application of Law in the Trial of Criminal Cases Pertaining to Destruction of Grassland Resources	1
4	规范性文件 Administration standard documents	《国务院办公厅凯时66加强草原保护修复的若干意见》 Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on Strengthening the Protection and Restoration of Grasslands	2
5	规范性文件 Administration standard documents	《草原征占用审核审批管理规范》 Management Specification for Examination and Approval of Grassland Requisition and Occupation	2

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 省、自治区层面现行地方性法规和单行条例

Table 2. Current local regulations and separate regulations at the provincial and autonomous regional level

序号 Number	省(自治区) Province or autonomous region	名称 Legal name	数量 Figure
1	河北省 Hebei Province	《河北省人民代表大会常务委员会凯时66加强张家口承德地区草原生态建设和保护的决定》 Decision of the Standing Committee of Hebei Provincial People's Congress on Strengthening Grassland Ecological Construction and Protection in Chengde and Zhangjiakou	1
2	内蒙古自治区 Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region	《内蒙古自治区基本草原保护条例》 Regulations of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region on the Protection of Basic Grasslands	4
3		《内蒙古自治区森林草原防火条例》 Regulations of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region on Forest and Grassland fire Prevention
4		《内蒙古自治区草原管理条例》 Regulations of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region on the Administration of Grasslands
5		《内蒙古自治区锡林郭勒草原国家级自然保护区管理条例》 Regulations of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region on the Administration of Xilingol Grassland National Nature Reserve
6	吉林省 Jilin Province	《吉林省草原管理条例》 Regulations of Jilin Province on Grassland Administration	1
7	黑龙江省 Heilongjiang Province	《黑龙江省草原条例》 Regulations of Heilongjiang Province on Grassland Administration	1
8	四川省 Sichuan Province	《四川省〈中华人民共和国草原法〉实施办法》 Measures for the Implementation of the Grassland Law of the People's Republic of China in Sichuan Province	1
9	陕西省 Shaanxi Province	《陕西省实施〈中华人民共和国草原法〉办法》 Measures for the Implementation of the Grassland Law of the People's Republic of China of Shaanxi Province	1
10	甘肃省 Gansu Province	《甘肃省草原条例》 Regulations of Gansu Province on Grassland Administration	1
11	青海省 Qinghai Province	《青海省实施〈中华人民共和国草原法〉办法》 Measures for the Implementation of the Grassland Law of the People's Republic of China of Qinghai Province	1
12	宁夏回族自治区 Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region	《宁夏回族自治区草原管理条例》 Regulations of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region for the Administration of Grasslands	1
13	新疆维吾尔族自治区 Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region	《新疆维吾尔自治区实施〈中华人民共和国草原法〉办法》 Measures for the Implementation of the Grassland Law of the People's Republic of China of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region	1

下载: 导出CSV

凯时66

点击查看大图

图(1)表(2)

计量

PDF下载量: 5
文章访问数: 63
HTML全文浏览量: 22

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

凯时66

试论我国草原法律法规体系的修改与完善

通讯作者: 曹晓凡(1979-)，男，河南虞城人，副教授，硕士，主要从事生态环境法实务研究。E-mail: caoxiaofan2006@163.com

English

On the revision and perfection of Grassland Law in China: From the perspective of administrative penalty

Corresponding author: CAO Xiaofan E-mail: caoxiaofan2006@163.com

凯时66

计量

文章相关

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

Corresponding author: CAO Xiaofan　E-mail: caoxiaofan2006@163.com