引用本文: 马子元，钱志豪，马红彬，伏兵哲，彭文栋，刘定鑫. 宁夏荒漠草原5种乡土植物适应性评价. 草业科学, 2022, 39(5): 1006-1014 doi: shu

Citation: MA Z Y, QIAN Z H, MA H B, FU B Z, PENG W D, LIU D X. Adaptability evaluation of several native plants in the desert steppe of Ningxia. Pratacultural Science, 2022, 39(5): 1006-1014 doi: shu

宁夏荒漠草原5种乡土植物适应性评价

1.
宁夏草牧业工程技术研究中心 / 宁夏大学农学院, 宁夏银川 750021
2.
宁夏盐池县科技局农牧科学研究所, 宁夏吴忠 751500

作者简介: 马子元(1996-)，男(回族)，宁夏银川人，在读硕士生，研究方向为草地生态与草地管理。E-mail: 469913724@qq.com

通讯作者: 马红彬(1975-)，男，宁夏吴忠人，教授，博士，研究方向为草地生态与草地管理。E-mail: ma_hb@nxu.edu.cn

基金项目: 宁夏重点研发计划对外科技合作项目(2018BFH03009)；宁夏科技创新领军人才培养项目(KJT2018003)；宁夏重点研发计划项目(2020BBF02003)；宁夏高等学校一流学科建设(草学学科)资助项目(NXYLXK2017A01)。

摘要: 开展乡土植物的适应性评价对退化草地生态修复具有重要意义。以宁夏荒漠草原的乡土植物牛枝子(Lespedeza potaninii)、草木樨状黄耆(Astragalus melilotoides)、野生沙芦草(Agropyron mongolicum) 、人工繁育沙芦草和新品系沙芦草为研究对象，从农艺性状、光合特性和营养价值3个方面16项指标进行适应性评价。结果表明：牛枝子的生长速度、叶茎比、干草产量显著高于其他4种植物(P < 0.05)，越冬率达到100%；3种禾本科植物的净光合速率显著高于两种豆科植物(P < 0.05)，胞间CO₂浓度反之；5种植物间气孔导度与蒸腾速率差异不显著(P > 0.05)；草木樨状黄耆的粗蛋白含量显著高于其他种植物(P < 0.05)，且中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维含量较低，相对饲喂价值高。灰色关联方法综合评价发现，5种乡土植物适应性在等权关联度下呈现草木樨状黄耆 > 牛枝子 > 人工繁育沙芦草> 野生沙芦草 > 新品系沙芦草；在加权关联度下呈现草木樨状黄耆 > 人工繁育沙芦草 > 牛枝子 > 野生沙芦草 > 新品系沙芦草。研究结果表明，草木樨状黄耆与人工繁育沙芦草可作为宁夏及同类地区荒漠草原植被建设中的优先选择。

关键词:

English

Adaptability evaluation of several native plants in the desert steppe of Ningxia

1.
Ningxia Grassland and Animal Husbandry Engineering Technology Research Center / School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, China
2.
Institute of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Science in Yanchi, Wuzhong 751500, Ningxia, China

Corresponding author: MA Hongbin　E-mail: ma_hb@nxu.edu.cn

Received Date: 2021-08-29
Available Online: 2022-03-14
Publish Date: 2022-05-15

Abstract: The evaluation of the adaptability of native plants is important for the ecological restoration of degraded grasslands. The native plants of the Ningxia desert steppe, Lespedeza potaninii, Astragalus melilotoides, Agropyron mongolicum (wild), A. mongolicum (domestication), and A. mongolicum (new), were evaluated for their adaptability in terms of agronomic traits, photosynthetic characteristics, and feeding value in 16 indicators. The results showed that the growth rate, leaf-stem ratio, and hay yield of L. potaninii were significantly higher than those of the other four plants (P < 0.05), and the overwintering rate reached 100%. The net photosynthetic rate of three gramineous plants was significantly higher than that of two leguminous plants (P < 0.05), and the intercellular CO₂ concentration showed a converse trend. The differences in stomatal conductivity and transpiration rate among the 5 materials were not significant (P > 0.05). The crude protein content of A. melilotoides was significantly higher than the other 4 plants (P < 0.05), and the content of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber was lower, with a high relative feeding value. The comprehensive evaluation by the gray correlation method revealed that the adaptability of the five native plants showed the trend, A. melilotoides > L. potaninii > A. mongolicum (domestication) > A. mongolicum (wild) > A. mongolicum (new) under an equal-weighted correlation, and A. melilotoides > A. mongolicum (domestication) > L. potaninii > A. mongolicum (wild) > A. mongolicum (new) under a weighted correlation. The study concluded that A. melilotoides and A. mongolicum (domestication) can be preferred in the construction of desert steppe vegetation in Ningxia and similar areas.

Key words:

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图 1 乡土植物光合生理变化

Figure 1. Photosynthetic physiological changes of native plants

A：野生沙芦草；B：人工繁育沙芦草；C：新品系沙芦草；D：草木樨状黄耆；E：牛枝子。

A: wild Agropyron mongolicum; B: domestication Agropyron mongolicum; C: new Agropyron mongolicum; D: Astragalus melilotoides; E: Lespedeza potaninii.

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表 1 乡土植物农艺性状及生长性能对比

Table 1. Comparison of agronomic traits and growth performance of native plants

指标 Parameter	野生沙芦草 Wild Agropyron mongolicum	人工繁育沙芦草 Domestication Agropyron mongolicum	新品系沙芦草 New Agropyron mongolicum	草木樨状黄耆 Astragalus melilotoides	牛枝子 Lespedeza potaninii
生长速度 Gr/(cm·d⁻¹)	0.28 ± 0.04bc	0.24 ± 0.07c	0.26 ± 0.05c	0.32 ± 0.10b	0.42 ± 0.06a
鲜干比Fdr/%	1.85 ± 0.02b	1.82 ± 0.19b	1.79 ± 0.04b	2.32 ± 0.14a	1.79 ± 0.01b
叶茎比 Lsr/%	0.65 ± 0.12b	0.80 ± 0.15b	0.63 ± 0.19b	0.95 ± 0.28b	2.77 ± 0.52a
根重 Rw/(g·m⁻³)	150.56 ± 4.44b	130.28 ± 76.39b	117.22 ± 32.78b	251.39 ± 41.39a	193.61 ± 61.67ab
干草产量 Hy/(kg·hm⁻²)	1872.45 ± 140.10b	1696.20 ± 556.35b	1846.20 ± 372.15b	2360.40 ± 511.35b	4184.10 ± 762.30a
越冬率 Osr/%	83.33 ± 3.51c	83.33 ± 3.80c	84.33 ± 4.73c	91.33 ± 0.58b	100.00 ± 0.00a
同行不同小写字母表示不同植物间差异显著(P < 0.05)；下表同。　Different lowercase letters within same column indicate significant difference between different plants at the 0.05 level; Gr, growth rate; Fdr, fresh to dry ratio; Lsr, leaf to stem ratio; Rw, root weight; Hy, hay yield; Osr, overwinter survival rate; this is applicable for the following tables as well.

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表 2 乡土植物营养价值变化

Table 2. Changes in the nutritional value of native plants

指标 Index	野生沙芦草 Wild Agropyron mongolicum	人工繁育沙芦草 Domestication Agropyron mongolicum	新品系沙芦草 New Agropyron mongolicum	草木樨状黄耆 Astragalus melilotoides	牛枝子 Lespedeza potaninii
粗脂肪 Crude fat/%	5.68 ± 0.67a	5.82 ± 0.49a	5.38 ± 0.45a	5.10 ± 0.19a	5.37 ± 0.23a
粗灰分 Crude ash/%	12.74 ± 3.74ab	14.55 ± 2.39a	8.93 ± 3.03b	10.13 ± 2.50ab	9.30 ± 0.91ab
粗蛋白 Crude protein/%	9.89 ± 0.53bc	10.32 ± 1.00b	10.17 ± 0.60bc	12.08 ± 0.37a	8.92 ± 0.29c
酸性洗涤纤维 ADF/%	33.28 ± 1.97b	33.99 ± 4.29b	37.54 ± 2.41ab	35.38 ± 4.98ab	41.55 ± 1.65a
中性洗涤纤维 NDF/%	57.33 ± 1.20a	55.17 ± 5.97a	57.38 ± 2.52a	44.54 ± 6.04b	52.58 ± 1.00ab
相对饲喂价值 RFV	101.16 ± 3.39ab	105.38 ± 17.56ab	95.63 ± 5.48b	128.97 ± 26.22a	98.59 ± 3.49ab
ADF, acid detergent fiber; NDF, neutral detergent fiber; RFV, relative feeding value; this is appicable for the Table 3 as well.

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表 3 乡土植物各性状灰色关联度分析

Table 3. Grey correlation analysis of native plant traits

指标 Index	野生沙芦草 Wild Agropyron mongolicum	人工繁育沙芦草 Domestication Agropyron mongolicum	新品系沙芦草 New Agropyron mongolicum	草木樨状黄耆 Astragalus melilotoides	牛枝子 Lespedeza potaninii	关联度 Relevance	权重 Weight
生长速度 Growth rate	0.396 4	0.333 3	0.370 9	0.485 1	1.000 0	0.517 1	0.058 3
鲜干比 Fresh to dry ratio	0.362 2	0.346 4	0.333 3	1.000 0	0.334 7	0.475 3	0.053 6
叶茎比 Leaf to stem ratio	0.336 1	0.352 7	0.333 3	0.370 2	1.000 0	0.478 5	0.053 9
根重 Root weight	0.399 6	0.356 5	0.333 3	1.000 0	0.536 7	0.525 2	0.059 2
干草产量 Hay yield	0.349 9	0.333 3	0.347 3	0.405 5	1.000 0	0.487 2	0.054 9
越冬率 Osr	0.333 3	0.333 3	0.346 9	0.485 7	1.000 0	0.499 9	0.056 3
净光合速率 P_n	0.647 6	0.845 9	1.000 0	0.357 7	0.333 3	0.497 7	0.056 1
气孔导度 G_s	0.352 5	0.996 4	0.333 3	1.000 0	0.870 7	0.495 3	0.055 8
胞间CO₂浓度 G_i	0.397 9	0.408 2	0.333 3	0.823 8	1.000 0	0.636 9	0.071 8
蒸腾速率 Transpiration rate	0.333 3	1.000 0	0.551 7	0.818 3	0.449 5	0.710 6	0.080 1
粗脂肪 Ether extract	0.720 3	1.000 0	0.449 0	0.333 3	0.444 6	0.592 6	0.066 8
粗灰分 Crude ash	0.608 8	1.000 0	0.333 3	0.388 8	0.348 6	0.630 6	0.071 0
粗蛋白 Crude protein	0.419 0	0.472 4	0.452 1	1.000 0	0.333 3	0.589 4	0.066 4
酸性洗涤纤维 ADF	1.000 0	0.851 6	0.492 2	0.662 1	0.333 3	0.535 9	0.060 4
中性洗涤纤维 NDF	0.334 3	0.376 6	0.333 3	1.000 0	0.444 1	0.535 4	0.060 3
相对饲喂价值 RFV	0.374 8	0.414 1	0.333 3	1.000 0	0.354 3	0.667 8	0.075 2

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表 4 供试乡土植物适应性评价结果及排名

Table 4. Adaptability evaluation results and ranking of adaptability of tested native plants

物种 Species	等权关联分析 Equal-weighted correlation degree		加权关联分析 Weighted correlation degree
物种 Species	关联度 Correlation	排名 Ranking	关联度 Correlation	排名 Ranking
野生沙芦草 Wild Agropyron mongolicum	0.460 4	Ⅳ	0.472 0	Ⅳ
人工繁育沙芦草 Domestication Agropyron mongolicum	0.588 8	Ⅲ	0.617 5	Ⅱ
新品系沙芦草 New Agropyron mongolicum	0.417 3	Ⅴ	0.427 2	Ⅴ
草木樨状黄耆 Astragalus melilotoides	0.695 7	Ⅰ	0.697 1	Ⅰ
牛枝子 Lespedeza potaninii	0.611 4	Ⅱ	0.605 8	Ⅲ

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宁夏荒漠草原5种乡土植物适应性评价

作者简介: 马子元(1996-)，男(回族)，宁夏银川人，在读硕士生，研究方向为草地生态与草地管理。E-mail: 469913724@qq.com

通讯作者: 马红彬(1975-)，男，宁夏吴忠人，教授，博士，研究方向为草地生态与草地管理。E-mail: ma_hb@nxu.edu.cn

English

Adaptability evaluation of several native plants in the desert steppe of Ningxia

Corresponding author: MA Hongbin E-mail: ma_hb@nxu.edu.cn

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Corresponding author: MA Hongbin　E-mail: ma_hb@nxu.edu.cn