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• 凯时66

  

  图 1  4种植物根围AM真菌孢子特征

  Figure 1.  Sporal characteristics of AM fungi in the rhizosphere of four plants

  下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片
  

  图 2  物种组成聚类

  Figure 2.  Clustering analysis of species composition

  下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片
  

  图 3  4种植物根围AM真菌群落组成的韦恩图

  Figure 3.  Venn map of AM fungal community composition around four plants

  下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片
  

  图 4  4种植物根系扫描图像

  Figure 4.  Roots scanning images of four plants

  下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片
  

  图 5  根系结构特征与AM真菌多样性的相关性分析

  Figure 5.  Correlation analysis between AM fungal diversity and root characteristics

  O. violaceus：二月兰；S. officinals：肥皂草；P. alopecuroides：狼尾草；S. spectabile：八宝景天；G. etunicatum：幼套球囊霉；G. reticulatum：网状球囊霉；S. reticulata：网纹盾巨孢囊霉；E. baltica：波罗的海内养囊霉；A. elegans：丽孢无梗囊霉；Len：总根长；SA：表面积；PA：投影面积；Vol：根体积；AvgD：平均直径；NTips：根尖数；NForks：分枝数；NCross：交叉数。

   Len: length; SA: superficial area; PA: projected area; : AvgDaverage diameter; Vol: volume; NTips: tip number; NForks: forks number; NCross: number of cross.

  下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片

  表 1  东北林业大学的土壤理化特性

  Table 1.  Soil physicochemical properties of Northeast Forestry University

  样地 Sampling site	pH	电导率 Conductivity/ (mS·cm–1)	有机质含量 Organic content/%
  A	6.58 ± 0.08a	0.104 ± 0.001c	4.30 ± 0.37b
  B	6.67 ± 0.09a	0.159 ± 0.002a	5.39 ± 0.62b
  C	6.66 ± 0.12a	0.109 ± 0.001b	7.05 ± 0.36a
  平均 Average	6.63	0.124	5.58
  样地A、B、C分别为新校区、老校区和家属区；同列不同字母表示地块间差异显著(P < 0.05)；下表同。 　Plot A, B and C are the new campus, the old campus and the family area respectively; different letters within the same column indicate significant difference among the sites at the 0.05 level; this is applicable for the following tables as well.

  下载: 导出CSV

  表 2  4种植物根围AM真菌种类及特征

  Table 2.  Species and characteristics of AM fungi in the rhizosphere of four plants

  属 Genus	种 Species	孢子颜色 Spores color	孢子直径 Spores diameter	孢子大小 Spores size/μm	其他特征 Other characteristics
  无梗囊霉属 Acaulospora	浅窝无梗囊霉 A. lacunosa	深棕或黑棕色 Dark brown or black brown	球形、椭圆形、梨形 Spherical, elliptic, pear-shaped	122～158	孢子壁层状，表面满布不规则点状、条形、锥形、半圆形或蝶形。 The surface of layered wall is present as irregular punctate, strip, conical, semicircle, or butterfly.
  	双网无梗囊霉 A. bireticulata	淡黄绿色 Yellowish green	球形至椭圆形 Spherical to elliptic	120～180	易碎，表面有双层网状纹饰，内部有透明的小油滴。 Fragile, the surface is with double mesh pattern and transparent oil droplets are inside it.
  	细凹无梗囊霉 A. scrobiculata	淡黄至黄褐色 Pale yellow to yellowish brown	球形至近球形 Globose to subglobose	110～160	孢壁表面有凹坑形纹饰。 The surface of the sporal wall is decorated with pits.
  	丽孢无梗囊霉 A. elegans	黄棕色至橘红色 Yellowish-brown to orange-red	球形至近球形 Globose to subglobose	98～140	表面有双层细刺状纹饰，刺外有蜂窝状透明网。 The surface is with double spines and a honeycomb net on the outside.
  原囊霉属 Archaeospora	薄壁原囊霉 A. leptoticha	灰白至浅黄色 Gray to light yellow	球或不规则形 Globose or irregularly shaped	50～250	孢子表面常有附着物或呈斑块状，偶有网状饰物。 The surface is often present as patch, occasionally with reticular decorations.
  内养囊霉属 Entrophospora	波罗的海内养 囊霉 E. baltica	浅黄色至橘色 Light yellow to orange	球形至近球形 Globose to subglobose	200～270	外覆菌丝套，Melzer’s染色为胭脂 红色。 The spore is covered with mycelium, it can be dyed to rouge red by Melzer's.
  	哥伦比亚内养 囊霉 E. colombiana	浅黄色至黄色 Light yellow to yellow	球形至近球形 Globose to subglobose	85～120	L2浅黄色至棕黄色，孢子内含物为淡黄色颗粒。 L2 is yellowish to brownish yellow, and the spore inclusions is pale yellow particles.
  盾巨孢囊霉属Scutellospora	亮色盾巨孢囊霉 S. fulgida	透明至浅稻草色 Transparent to light straw color	圆形至卵圆形 Rounded to ovoid	142～205	壁两层，L2被Melzer’s试剂染成浅 黄色。 With two walls, L2 will be dyed to light yellow by Melzer's.
  	网纹盾巨孢囊霉 S. reticulata	橘红至黑红棕色 Orange-red to black-red-brown	圆形至近圆形 Round to nearly round	380～430	外表有突起网格，网格上有钝圆椎形的刺。 The outer surface has a raised grid with blunt cone-shaped spines.
  	异配盾巨孢囊霉 S. heterogama	黄棕至深棕色 Yellow brown to dark brown	球形至近球形 Globose to subglobose	185～205	壁两层，L1为具有疣状乳突的均 一壁。 The wall has two layers, L1 is a uniform wall with verrucous mastoid process.
  巨孢囊霉属 Gigaspora	易误巨孢囊霉 Gi. decipiens	金色 Golden	球形至近球形 Globose to subglobose	280～420	外层孢壁有深色晕圈。 The outer sporal wall has dark halo.
  球囊霉属 Glomus	摩西球囊霉 G. mosseae	淡黄色至黄褐色 Light yellow to yellowish brown	球形或近球形 Globose to subglobose	105～250	L1孢壁被Melzer’s试剂染成浅粉色；连孢菌丝漏斗状，菌丝基部有分隔，内含物为颗粒状油滴。 L1 will be dyed to light pink by Melzer’s reagent; Hypha is funnel-shaped, and hypha base has a partition, the inclusions is granular oil droplets.

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  续表 2(1) Table 2(Continued)
  属 Genus	种 Species	孢子颜色 Spores color	孢子直径 Spores diameter	孢子大小 Spores size/μm	其他特征 Other characteristics
  	副冠球囊霉 G. coronatum	浅黄色至黄棕色 Light yellow to yellowish brown	球至不规则形 Globose to subglobose	120～210	由一菌丝包被包裹2～6个孢子，内含物为无色透明油滴。 2～6 spores are encapsulated by mycelium, and the inclusions is colorless transparent oil droplets.
  	膨果球囊霉 G. pansihalos	黄、棕黄或黑橘 Yellow, tan or black orange	近球形或不规则 Subspherical or irregular	110～190	表面常有绒毛状薄壁菌丝。菌丝在乳酸中加粗。 The surface is often covered with villous thin-walled mycelia. Hypha slightly expand in lactic acid.
  	黄金球囊霉 G. aureum	浅橘至橘色 Light orange to orange	不规则形 Irregular	35～65	由孢子堆积组成，壁两层，连孢菌丝圆柱或漏斗状。 Composing of accumulational spores, the wall has two layers, hypha is cylindrical or funnel-shaped.
  	黑球囊霉 G. melanosporum	黑棕至黑红棕色 Black brown to black reddish brown	球形、椭圆形、梨形或卵形 Spherical, elliptic, pear-shaped or ovate	70～115	L1无色透明，L2红棕色至黑棕色，向内颜色变浅。 L1 is colorless and transparent, L2 is reddish-brown to black-brown, and the spore gradually becomes lighter inwardly.
  	幼套球囊霉 G. etunicatum	棕黄色 Tan	球形至不规则形 Spherical to irregularly shaped	90～190	连孢菌丝：连点宽6～10 μm，连点为孢壁阻塞。 Hypha: connecting point is 6 − 10 μm in width and it is obstructed.
  	缩球囊霉 G. constrictum	深黄棕至黑棕色 Dark yellow brown to black brown	圆形、近圆形、椭圆或长圆形 Circular, subcircular, elliptic or oblong	97～220	壁分界线红棕色至黑棕色。连孢菌丝常偏向孢子一侧，菌丝有分支。 The wall boundary is reddish brown to black brown. Hyphae often incline to one side, and the hypha is branched.
  	地表球囊霉 G. versiforme	黄色至棕黄色 Yellow to brownish yellow	圆形或近圆形 Round to nearly round	90～150	连点直或小喇叭形，封闭。 Point is straight or small bell-shaped, and it is closed.
  	隐球囊霉 G. occultum	无色至淡黄色 Colorless to pale yellow	球形、梨形或椭圆形 Spherical, pear-shaped or oval	55～140	L1被Melzer’s试剂染成橘黄色。连孢菌丝硬直，连点直筒型或漏斗状，内层壁形成锥形漏斗状隔。 L1 is dyed to orange by Melzer’s. Hypha is hard straight, connecting point is tube or funnel-shaped, inner wall form a conical funnel-shaped septum.
  	沙荒球囊霉 G. deserticola	红棕至深棕色 Reddish brown to dark brown	球形至椭圆形 Spherical to elliptic	50～120	壁单层，连孢菌丝柱状或稍呈漏 斗状，菌丝壁淡红色，在近连点 处加厚。 The wall is single layer, hypha is columnar or slightly funnel-shaped, the mycelium wall is light red and it thickens near the connecting point.
  	具疱球囊霉 G. pustulatum	橘棕色 Orange-brown	球形或不规则 Spherical or irregular	86～140	外表有疱状突起；连孢菌丝与L2 相连。 Appearance is with protuberant blisters. Hypha associates with L2.
  	团集球囊霉 G. glomerulatum	黄至黄褐色 Yellow to tan	球形至椭圆形 Spherical to elliptic	50～70	大量孢子聚集成孢子果。连孢菌丝较粗，1～2根。 Large numbers of spores gather to form sporofruit. Hypha is thick, 1～2.

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  续表 2 (2) Table 2 (Continued)
  属 Genus	种 Species	孢子颜色 Spores color	孢子直径 Spores diameter	孢子大小 Spores size/μm	其他特征 Other features
  	卷曲球囊霉 G. convolutum	浅橘至黄色 Light orange to yellow	球形至近球形 Globose to subglobose	63～193	孢子果无包被，壁层状。内含物为小油滴。 Sporocarps are not encapsulated and sporophyte walls are layered. The inclusions is small oil droplets.
  	长孢球囊霉 G. dolichosporum	黄棕至红棕色 Yellow brown to reddish brown	卵形或长椭圆形 Oval or oblong	100～200	连孢菌丝连点处增厚，向下逐渐减薄呈漏斗状。 The hypha thickens at the connecting point, and it gradually narrows to shape as funnel shape.
  	宽柄球囊霉 G. magnicaule	黄棕色 Yellow brown	球或近球形 Globose to subglobose	125～175	连孢菌丝宽扁、连点增厚堵塞连点。 Hypha is wide and flat, and it is thickened and blocked at connecting point.
  	网状球囊霉 G. reticulatum	黑棕色 Black-brown	球形 Spherical	80～150	壁3层，表面网状纹。连孢菌丝直筒或微漏斗形。 The wall has three layers and the surface is reticulated. Hyphae is tube or slightly funnel-shaped.

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  表 3  4种植物根系结构特征

  Table 3.  Root structure characteristics of four plants

  植物名称 Species name	总根长 Length/ cm	表面积 Superficial area/cm2	投影面积 Projected area/cm2	体积 Volume/ cm3	平均直径 Average diameter/mm	根尖数 Tip number	分枝数 Forks number	交叉数 Cross number
  二月兰 O. violaceus	35.36 ± 4.81b	6.86 ± 1.73b	2.19 ± 0.43b	0.107 ± 0.027b	0.61 ± 0.04b	133.33 ± 0.88b	128.00 ± 15.00b	10.00 ± 2.00b
  肥皂草 S. officinals	29.41 ± 1.53b	6.45 ± 0.99b	2.05 ± 0.31b	0.115 ± 0.029b	0.69 ± 0.07b	97.00 ± 10.26c	149.00 ± 28.00b	16.67 ± 2.18b
  狼尾草 P. alopecuroides	160.10 ± 19.70a	27.74 ± 4.68a	8.83 ± 1.49a	0.384 ± 0.083a	0.55 ± 0.02b	374.00 ± 7.64a	550.00 ± 80.00a	60.00 ± 14.00a
  八宝景天 S. spectabile	9.77 ± 0.41b	7.44 ± 0.46b	2.37 ± 0.15b	0.452 ± 0.038a	2.42 ± 0.06a	41.67 ± 5.36d	68.00 ± 7.00b	6.33 ± 1.76b

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  凯时66
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