引用本文: 周凯华，吴锁龙，柯杰瀚，王艳. 两栖蔊菜种群及其入侵群落特征. 草业科学, 2022, 39(5): 1-11 doi: shu

Citation: ZHOU K H, WU S L, KE J H, WANG Y. Study on population and community characteristics of invasive plant . Pratacultural Science, 2022, 39(5): 1-11 doi: shu

两栖蔊菜种群及其入侵群落特征

沈阳师范大学生命科学学院, 辽宁沈阳110034

作者简介: 周凯华(1996-)，女，河北唐山人，在读硕士生，主要从事植物生态学研究。E-mail: 2409671499@qq.com

通讯作者: 王艳(1970-)，女，辽宁昌图人，副教授，博士，主要从事植物生态学研究。E-mail: wyancn2002@aliyun.com

基金项目: 国家青年科学基金项目(31600314)。

摘要: 两栖蔊菜(Rorippa amphibia)是近年来备受关注的入侵植物，主要出现在草坪中，并有不断向各种生境扩张的趋势，往往会成为其入侵群落中的优势种，因此研究其种群和群落特征及环境影响因素，对于更好地了解其入侵机制具有重要理论意义。本研究调查了不同小生境中受到两栖蔊菜入侵的草坪群落，采用扩散系数(C)、负二项参数(K)、平均拥挤度(m^*)、丛生指标(I)、聚块性指标(PI)、Cassie指标(C_A)和Green指数(GI ) 7个指标对两栖蔊菜的空间分布格局进行研究，并分析两栖蔊菜的种群密度、盖度等特征。运用聚类分析、主成分分析(PCA)探讨了群落类型的差异及主要环境影响因子。结果表明，在不同生境条件下两栖蔊菜种群均呈聚集分布。无遮阴和半遮阴条件下，两栖蔊菜的种群密度分别为全遮阴条件的2.93倍和2.73倍，盖度分别为4.52倍和4.79倍，高度分别为1.57倍和2.37倍。即在全遮阴条件下两栖蔊菜种群的密度、高度、盖度均最低，且与无遮阴生境种群间差异显著(P < 0.05)；半遮阴条件下，两栖蔊菜的高度和盖度最高，与全遮阴生境下差异显著(P < 0.05)，与无遮阴生境种群高度差异显著(P < 0.05)，而盖度无显著差异(P > 0.05)。聚类分析将所调查的群落样方分成3个群丛类型，分别是两栖蔊菜 + 草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis)群丛、两栖蔊菜 + 水田碎米荠(Cardamine lyrate)群丛、阴地堇菜(Viola yezoensis) + 草地早熟禾群丛，两栖蔊菜在其中两个群丛类型中都是优势种。PCA分析表明光照强度和土壤含水量是影响两栖蔊菜所在群落类型的较为重要的生态因子。

关键词:

English

Study on population and community characteristics of invasive plant Rorippa amphibia

College of Life Science, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, Liaoning, China

Corresponding author: WANG Yan　E-mail: wyancn2002@aliyun.com

Received Date: 2021-05-31
Accepted Date: 2021-12-15
Available Online: 2022-03-17

Abstract: To explore the spatial distribution pattern of invasive plants and its influencing factors is of great theoretical significance for better understanding the invasive mechanism of alien species. The lawn communities invaded by Rorippa amphibia in different biotopes were investigated, and the population density, coverage and other characteristics of R. amphibia were analyzed. The spatial distribution pattern of R. amphibia was studied by using seven indexes, including diffusion coefficient (C), negative binomial parameter (K), mean crowding degree (M*), cluster index (I), clustering index (PI), Cassie index (C_A) and Green index (GI). Cluster analysis and principal components analysis (PCA) were used to explore the differences of community types and the major environmental factors. The results showed that the population of R. amphibia showed aggregation distribution in different habitats. The population density, coverage and height of R. amphibia under no shade and partial shade conditions were 2.93 and 2.73 times and 4.52 and 4.79 times and 1.57 and 2.37 times of those under full shade conditions. The density, height and coverage of the population of R. amphibia were the lowest under full shade condition, and the difference between this population and the no shaded habitat was significant or extremely significant. Under partial shade, the height and coverage of R. amphibia were the highest, which were significantly different from those under full shade, and were significantly different from those under no shade in height, but no significant difference in coverage. Cluster analysis divided the investigated community samples into three associations, namely ass. Poa pratensis + R. amphibia, ass. R. amphibia + Cardamine lyrate, ass. Viola yezoensis + P. pratensis, and R. amphibia was the dominant species in two of the associations. PCA analysis showed that light intensity and soil water content were important ecological factors affecting the community type of R. amphibia.

Key words:

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图 1 不同生境类型中两栖蔊菜的种群特征

Figure 1. Population characteristics of Rorippa amphibia in different habitat types

同一指标不同小写字母表示各生境间差异显著(P < 0.05)。

Differen lowercase letters within the same index indicate significant difference at the 0.05 level.

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图 2 两栖蔊菜所在群落的聚类分析

Figure 2. Clustering analysis of communities of Rorippa amphibia

每个方框中的样方划分为一个群丛类型。

Samples in each square box belonged to an association type.

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图 3 两栖蔊菜所在群落的PCA排序

Figure 3. PCA sequencing f communities of Rorippa amphibia

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 环境指标间的相关性分析

Figure 4. Correlation analysis among environmental indicators

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 调查各种群生境环境指标

Table 1. Environmental indicators of population habitats

指标 Index	无遮阴 No shade	半遮阴 Partial shade	全遮阴 Full shade
土壤含水量 Soil water content/%	13.15 ± 0.22C	18.94 ± 0.46B	31.28 ± 0.61A
空气温度 Temperature of air/℃	22.61 ± 0.12A	22.27 ± 0.14A	20.88 ± 0.16B
空气湿度 Humidity of air/%	33.28 ± 0.19C	35.15 ± 0.26B	37.02 ± 0.23A
照度 Intensity of illumination/lux	32 123.88 ± 471.15A	15 714.55 ± 518.13B	6 818.77 ± 541.13C
同行不同大写字母表示差异极显著(P < 0.01)。　Different capital letters within the same row indicate significant difference at the 0.01 level.

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 两栖蔊菜的空间分布格局指标计算结果

Table 2. Calculation results of spatial distribution pattern index of Rorippa amphibia

生境 Habitat	种群数量均值($ \bar X $) Mean population size	种群数量方差(S²) Population size variance	扩散系数(C) Diffusion coefficient		Cassie指标(C_A) Cassie index	Green指数(GI) Green index	丛生指标(I) Cluster index	聚块性指标(PI) Clustering index	负二项参数(K) Negative binomial parameter	平均拥挤度(m^*) Mean crowding degree	分布型判断 Distributional judgment
生境 Habitat	种群数量均值($ \bar X $) Mean population size	种群数量方差(S²) Population size variance	值 Value	t	Cassie指标(C_A) Cassie index	Green指数(GI) Green index	丛生指标(I) Cluster index	聚块性指标(PI) Clustering index	负二项参数(K) Negative binomial parameter	平均拥挤度(m^*) Mean crowding degree	分布型判断 Distributional judgment
无遮阴 No shade	69.61	3641.42	52.31	95.50^**	0.74	74.39	51.31	1.74	1.36	120.92	聚集分布 Clumped distribution
半遮阴 Partial shade	44.63	2425.73	54.35	74.24^**	1.20	158.67	53.35	2.20	0.84	97.98	聚集分布 Clumped distribution
全遮阴 Full shade	19.13	569.98	29.80	40.08^**	6.02	36.66	28.80	2.51	0.66	47.93	聚集分布 Clumped distribution
表示在0.01水平上显著相关；表4同。　 means a significant correlation at the 0.01 level; this is applicable for Table 4 as well.

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 主分量的负荷量表

Table 3. Load scale of main components

环境因素 Environmental factor	PC 1	PC 2	PC 3	PC 4
照度 Intensity of illumination	−0.9289	−0.1546	0.2671	0.2047
大气温度 Temperature of air	−0.7623	0.6291	−0.1489	0.0299
大气湿度 Humidity of air	0.8362	0.3442	0.4270	0.0045
土壤含水量 Soil water content	0.9450	0.0510	−0.2354	0.2214
特征值 Eigenvalue	3.04	0.54	0.33	0.09
总信息百分比 Percentage of Total Information/%	75.91	13.52	8.28	2.29

下载: 导出CSV

表 4 环境指标间的皮尔逊相关性分析

Table 4. Pearson correlation analysis among environmental indicators

环境因素 Environmental factor	照度 Intensity of illumination	大气温度 Temperature of air	大气湿度 Humidity of air	土壤含水量 Soil water content
照度 Intensity of illumination	1.000	0.577^**	−0.715^**	−0.903^**
大气温度 Temperature of air		1.000	−0.484^**	−0.647^**
大气湿度 Humidity of air			1.000	0.708^**
土壤含水量 Soil water content				1.000

下载: 导出CSV

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

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两栖蔊菜种群及其入侵群落特征

作者简介: 周凯华(1996-)，女，河北唐山人，在读硕士生，主要从事植物生态学研究。E-mail: 2409671499@qq.com

通讯作者: 王艳(1970-)，女，辽宁昌图人，副教授，博士，主要从事植物生态学研究。E-mail: wyancn2002@aliyun.com

English

Study on population and community characteristics of invasive plant Rorippa amphibia

Corresponding author: WANG Yan E-mail: wyancn2002@aliyun.com

凯时66

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

Corresponding author: WANG Yan　E-mail: wyancn2002@aliyun.com